374 THE VOYAGE OF THE 'DISCOVERY' [Appx. II. 



appears on the neck, and the head and throat turn black. In the 

 third year the full rich plumage of the adult is reached, and this, 

 by a yearly moult in January, he retains until the end. 



Of the enemies that the Emperor must avoid I have already 

 said enough. Being strictly an inhabitant of sea and ice, he has 

 no enemies on land, but in the water he has to avoid the Sea 

 Leopard and the Killer whale. His food consists of fish and 

 cuttlefish, and his stomach invariably contains pebbles, which 

 assist him to grind up the bones. 



It was with much disappointment that we found ourselves 

 unable to rear the chicks. The heroic self-sacrifice of Cross, who 

 gave up his sleeping-jacket at night, when the temperature was 

 ' sixty below ' and more, to keep his charges warm, deserved a 

 better issue ; but it was soon seen to be a forlorn hope, and eventu- 

 ally they died from the result of unnatural feeding. Had we even 

 succeeded in bringing them to the age when they put on their 

 feathers, I fear that the journey home through the tropics would 

 have proved too much for them, as we had no means of making a 

 cool place for them on the ship. 



In conclusion I may be allowed perhaps to say what a good 

 right-hand I was given in Cross, who not only learned to make 

 good skins for our bird collection, but who, in the matter of 

 making Emperors' skins, improved upon his teacher. Always 

 willing and thoroughly capable, it was to a large extent thanks to 

 him that I was enabled at times to save much of what would 

 otherwise have been lost, when, as on our visit to the Macquarie 

 Islands, we had far more in hand than one man could possibly 

 have managed. 



Of Skelton's help I should also like to say much, for not only 

 was he a keen collector, who gave his time and all he caught un- 

 grudgingly for the general collections, but his notes and observa- 

 tions were at all times excellent, and his photographs of the 

 Emperor penguin rookery unique. 



But while it is fair to make a special point of acknowledging 

 the help I had from Skelton and from Cross, it is also right to say 

 that from everyone, without exception, I received abundant help at 

 all times. 



