168 ZOOLOGY. 



Lanius lyrannus, var. y carolinensis ludavkianus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1, 1788, 302. 

 iluscicapa to.. Barton, Fragments, N H. Penna. 1799, 18. 



Tyrannm pipiri, ViEiLLOT, Ois. Am. Sept. I, 1807, 73; pi. xliv Cab Journ. Orn. Ill, 1855, 478. 



75/ra;mas!n(re;)M!M,ViEiLLOT,GaIerteOis. I, 1824, 214; pi 133. — Swainson, Mon.Ty. Shrikes's Quart. Jour. 1826, 274. 

 Tyrannua carolinmm, Baibd, Gen. Rep. Birds, p. 171. 



Sp. Ch. — 1 wo, sometimes three, outer primaries abruptly attenuated at the end. Second quill longest ; third little shorter ; 

 first rather longer than fourth, or nearly equal. Tail slightly rounded. Above dark bhiish ash. The top and sides of the 

 head to beneath tlie eyes bluish black. A concealed crest on the crown, vermilion in the centre, white behind, and before 

 partially mixed with orange. Lower parts pure white, tinged with pale bluish ash on the sides of the throat and across the 

 breast ; sides of the breast and under the wings similar to, but rather lighter tlian, the back. AxilUries pale grayish brown^ 

 tipped with lighter. The wings dark brown, darkest towards the ends of the quills ; the greater coverts and quills edged 

 ■with white, most so on the tertials ; the lesser coverts edged with paler. Upper tail coverts and upper surface of the tail 

 glossy black, the latter very dark brown beneath ; all the feathers tipped, and the exterior margined externally with white, 

 forming a conspicuous terminal band about .25 of an inch broad. Length, 8.75 ; extent, 15 inches ; wing, 4.65 inches ; tail, 

 3.70: tarsus, .75. Iris brown ; bill, &c , black. 



Bab. — Eastern North America to Rocky mountains. West of this found only in Washington Territory. 



The common king bird of the Atlantic States is abundant during summer, arriving with the 

 preceding and having the usual habits of the species. — C. 



The tyrant fly-catcher or king bird I found quite plentiful as far west as the eastern base o,f 

 the Rocky mountains. Again I found it, more sparingly, however, at Puget Sound, where I 

 obtained several skins. The habits of this bird in Oregon do not differ from those recorded 

 of the same bird east of the mountains. They appear to shun the dense forests near Puget 

 Sound, but are found moderately plentiful in the groves of low oaks, and among the cotton- 

 wood trees fringing the prairie lakes of the Nisqually plains, where, on the 5th of August, 1853, 

 I obtained a nest containing young nearly fledged. — S. 



TYRANNUS VERTICALIS, Say. 



Arkansas Flycatcher 



Tyrannm verlicalis, Say. Long's Exped. II, 1823, 60. — Nuitall, Mm. II, 2d ed. IStO, 306. — Baird, Gen. Rep., Birds, 



p. 173. 

 Musckapa vertUalis, Bonap. Am. Orn 1,1825, 18; pi. xi.— Aid. Orn. Biog. IV, 1838, 422; pi. 359.— Ib. Birds 

 Amer. I, 1840, 199 pi ; 54. 



Sp. Ch — The f )ur exterior quills attenuated very gently at the end, the first most so ; third and fourth quills longest, 

 second and fifth successively a little shorter. Tail slightly forked ; bill shorter than the head. Crown, sides of head above 

 the eyes, nape, and sides of neck pale lead color or ash gray ; a concealed crest in the crown, vermilion in the centre, and 

 yellowish before and behind. Hind neck and back ash gray, strongly tinged with lisht olivaceous green, the gray turning 

 to brown on the rump ; upper tall coverts nearly black, lower dusky ; chin and part of ear coverts dull white ; throat and 

 upper part of breast similar to the head, but lighter, and but slightly contrasted with the chin ; rest of lower parts, with the 

 under wing coverts and axillars, yellow, deepening to gamboge on the belly, tinged with olivaceous on the breast. Wing 

 brown, the coverts with Indistinct asliy margins ; secondaries and tertials edged with whitish ; inner webs of primaries 

 whitish towards the base. Tail nearly black above and glossy, duller brownish beneath ; without olivaceons edgings. 

 Exterior feather, with the outer web and the shaft, yellowish white ; inner edge of latter brown. Tips of remaining feathers 

 paler. Bill and feet dark brown. 



Female rather smaller, and colors less bright. Length of male, 12 inches ; extent, 19 inches ; wing, about 4.50 ; length 

 of female, 9 inches ; extent, 15 50 ; iris brown ; bill and feet black. 



Hah. — Western North America, from the high central plains to the Pacific. 



This luestern king bird arrives at Puget Sound in June, together with the common species, 

 witli which they associate for some time after without anj' hostility, though their similar habits 

 and food would apparently lead to dispute. I have even seen them together in parties of four 



