ZOOLOGY. 339 



Of the present species we have identified seven specimens now in the Smithsonian colieclion. 

 Several of these are perfect skins, obtained by the writer from Puget Sound; others are simply 

 the Jieads of individuals received from different sources. The figure given by Richardson in 

 the latter part of his work on JisJies, in the Fauna Boreali Americana, is an excellent re^jresenta- 

 tion of the adult male of this species. 



SALMO PROTEUS, Pallas. 



Hnmp-backed Salmon. 



Specimen in Smithsonian collection, Fishes, No. 1132. 

 Syjj. — Salmo prateus, Pallas, Zoog. Ros. Asiat. Ill, 37C. — Valenc. in Cuv. &! Talenc. Hist. Nat. Polssons, XXI, 1848,360. 

 Salmo gibber, Sucklet, Ann. N. Y. Lyceum Nat. Hist. Dec. 1858. 

 Garbuicha of Kamtschatka ; Hunnun of the Lumjiies ; Iluddoh of the Nisquallies. 

 Sp. Cu. — Male: Dorsal profile much more arched than in 5. Scouleri, Rich. After entering fresh water, an adipose hump 

 becomes strikingly apparent, its greatest prominence being nearly opposite a point midway on a line drawn from the eye to 

 the anterior margin of the base of the dorsal fin ; interinaxillary projection curved strongly downwards, as in S. Scouleri ; 

 jaws long, as in latter, the lower terminated by a dilated knob, (as in several other species of the genus,) which is armed with 

 four or five strong, sharp teeth on each side ; labials and limbs of the lower jaw closely set with very fine, sharp teeth, 

 finer and more numerous than those of the 5. Scouleri ; vomerine and palatine teeth much larger than those of the labials ; 

 those on the vomer disposed in a single row on its anterior portion ; tail r.itber strongly lunated, and profusely dotted with 

 elongated oval dark spots ; the other fins usually unspotted, adipose rather elongated ; scales much smaller than those of 

 the S. Scouleri; those of the back are much smaller than those below the lateral line. 

 Bab. — The Northern Pacific coasts of Asiatic Russia and America ; Puget Sound. 



The colors of this, like those of other species, vary much after the fish enters fresh water. 

 Those caught in salt water are more or less silvery. After entering fresh rivers the color of 

 the upper parts become of a dirty grajnsh yellow; below white, blotched Avith j-ellow. These 

 colors, however, vary considerably in different individuals. 



Dr. Kennerly, who obtained a specimen of the present species at Anaimo, Vancouver's 

 island, September 22, 1857, remarks in his notes that it was a male, having the " head greenish 

 yellow, clouded with black; opercula dull pinkish. Upper parts dirty grayish and yellow; 

 under parts white, blotched with yellow; ventral and pectoral fins grass green; dorsal, ultramarine 

 blue and green. Tail blotched (spotted?) with black." 



The teeth on the limbs of the lower jaw of this specimen extend backwards only half their 

 length. Tongue apparently destitute of teeth. Branchial rays, 11. 11. Total length, 25^ 

 inches. Length of head, 7 inches. Depth of hump, 7 inches. 



The Indians say that this salmon is usually quite fat, and that as food they like it very much. 

 They state that it enters Puget Sound and the rivers on alternate years, it being very rare for 

 even a single individual to be caught in the intermediate season. The "run" of the liuddoli 

 in its regular years is large, coming in vast numbers, comparing favorably, in this respect, with 

 the satsup, skowitz, or Tl-JiwJiai. According to the natives of our coast, the hunch-back 7iever 

 return to the sea after spawning, but die in fresh water. In this respect they again agree 

 with the Kamtschatka fish. — (See beyond.) 



Mr. George Gibbs says : '•'• Hunnoli come only every second year. The Indians say that when 

 they do come there are always great abundance of salmon berries and other berries, and the 

 summers are very warm. In the summer of 1853, when Captain McClellan's party were in the 

 Yakima country, berries were very abundant and salmon scarce, while the reverse was the 

 case in 1854. The hunnoh arrive early in August, and last a month. The female is like the 

 others. The males have a large hump on the back, and an immense head; flesh of the 

 males white, females red. Upper jaw shuts over the under. The mides have large hooked 



