CONTENTS. 7 



axial rooks found in the plain. — Position of serpentine as a massive rock. — Associated minerals. — Elevating power of the 

 igneous rocks. — Beds of limonitc. — Width of volcanic veins. — Sedimentary beds. — Different points of observation. — 

 Classification of the strata. — Position of Camp 22. — Metaraorphic rocks. — Dip of the sandstones. — Enumeration of the 

 strata in the Santa Inez valley. — Gaviote pass. — Peculiar features of. — Elevated terrace of the Santa Barbara shore. — 

 Geological structure of. — Enumeration of the strata on the south side of the range. — Probable thickness of the strata. — 

 Foraminiferous and asphaltic beds along shore. — Deviation of the shore line. — Evidence of recent upheaval. — Upheaval 

 of the strata east of town of Santa Barbara. — Point Rincon. — Analogy in structure with Questa San Marcus. — Position of 

 strata along San Buenaventura river. — Sulphur spring and bitumen beds. — Terraced valley higher up. — Character of the 

 district where the sources of the Buenaventura arise. — Of the fossils contained in the strata on the north side. — Of the 

 fossils contained in the strata on the south side. — Relation of the beds on each side of the axis to each other, and to tlie 

 Pan?;a, Santa Jfargaritji, nnd San R^ifael strata. 



CHAPTER XI. 



Geology of the Sierra Susanna and Monica, 



Geographical position of these ranges. — E-^ternal form of the hills. — The two chains separated by Conejo pass and Semee 

 creek. — Analogy of the strata of the Sierra Susanna with these on the San Buenaventura at Matilihah. — Connexion of 

 the range with the Cordilleras. — Sierra Monica. — Trappean rocks. — Slow disintegration. — Effects of. — Absence of timber. — 

 Contrast of Semee plain with the valleys of Encima and Triumpho. — Trachytic upheaves. — Traces of two different vol- 

 canic forces. — Trachytic rocks and augitic trap. — Enumeration and order of the sedimentary beds. — Fossiliferous sand- 

 stones and limestones. — List of fossils. — Similarity of the Susanna and Monica ranges. — Occurrence of (he asphaltic group 

 in the latter range. — Extension into Los Angeles valley. — Thickness of the lieds of that group. — Resume of the structure 

 of these beds. — Probable thickness of the sedimentary strata. 



CHAPTER XII. 

 Plains of San Fernando, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. 



Position and extent of the alluvial plain at the base of the Cordilleras. — Subdivision. — Altitude of the plain. — Secondary 

 v.alleys. — Variable fertility. — Vegetation of the upper plain. — Supply of water by rivers and sequias. — Variety and beauty 

 of the flora. — Grape culture. — Oranges. — Apples and peaches — ^Number of vineyards in Los Angeles valley. — Manufac- 

 ture of brandy. — Mode of cultivating the grape. — Stock supported by the valley. — Stock raised in California in 1854. — 

 Increase of 1855. — Geological structure of the plain. — Different dip of the strata. — Quarternary deposits. — Artesian 

 borings. — Nature of the soft beds. — Origin of the clays and gravel. — Absence of boulders and polar drift. — Boring in 

 Sacramento valley. — Variable depths of beds above blue clay. — Length of periods of deposition. — Conditions of the plain 

 during the deposit. — Partial denudation of the detritus. — Review of the deposit of quarternary clays, 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Geology of the Cordilleras. 



Chain known by the^ame of Cordilleras. — Direction. — Repetitions of the chain. — Passes. — Character of the Cajon pass and 

 San Gorgona. — Altitude of the passes. — Conglomerate of the slopes. — Strata in the Cajon pass. — Cause of the dip of the 

 strata. — Different aspect of the Cordilleras viewed from the western and eastern sides. — Axial rocks of the Cordilleras. — 

 Structure at Warner's and the Cajon. — The sedimentary strata on the west slopes. — Period of elevation of the chain. — San 

 Emilio Mountain. — Geology of the district surrounding. — The most elevated land in southern California. — Peru river. — 

 Caiions of, through granitic rock. — Segregation of minerals of the granite. — Cestek plain. — Sandstones of, conformable to 

 the Cordilleras but not to the Sierra Nevada. — Relative modern appearance of the former lunge. — Continuity of San Emilio 

 with Point Pinos range. — Radiation of the chains from San Emilio district. — Santa Barbara cliain elevated independent of 

 the Cordilleras. — Direction of the volcanic fissures of the coa.st ranges. 



