8 CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Estrella river, Panza, and Carizo. 



Source and course of the San Juan river. — Carizo creek. — Panza valley. — Flattening out of the San Josd granite to the west, 

 and elevation of Panza and Carizo sandstones. — Structure of Panza hills. — Proximity to Tulare valley. — Extension of the 

 Gavilan range separating them. — Effect of proximity of the San Jos(5 and Gavilan. — Estero plain formed by their diverg- 

 ence. — Eesemblance of Estero plain to Tulare valley. — Streams which supply the plain. — Little known of its geology. — 

 The eastern slope of the San Jos^ assists in forming Panza and Carizo, and has the same stratigraphical relations. — • 

 Inferior rock of Panza similar to the brown sandstones of Santa Barbara. — Gypseous sandstones. — Ostrea and pecten 

 layers. — Upper beds arenaceous, with area. — Slope of the strata.- — Total thickness. — Terraces along the valley. — Fossilifer- 

 ous strata beneath. — Comparison of the strata at Panza with those of Santa Margarita and Santa Barbara. — Tabular list of 

 the strata. — Enumeration of the fauna of that period. 



CHAPTER XV. 



3Iojave River valley. 



Santa Fe trail to Salt Lake. — Mojave river and valley. — Cajon pass. — Primary rocks of. — Mica slate and porphyry. — 

 Pink sandstones. — Local drift. — Limestone in. — Thick conglomerate and sandstone of the eastern slope. — Second axis in 

 the pass. — Probable thickness of the conglomerate. — Distinction between them and the pink sandstones. — Slope towards 

 the Mojave. — Nature of the .soil upon. — Vegetation of — Yucca, cedar, artemisia. — Soakage of the rain water through the 

 sandstones. — Wells near the river. — Course of the river where first reached. — Different temperatures of air, wells, and the 

 river. — Hills east of the Mojave. — Fertility of Mojave valley. — Heat of the soil during the day. — Similarity of the flora 

 with those of Los Angeles valley. — Amygdaloid range along the Mojave 66 miles down. — Metamorphic action exerted on 

 the sandstones. — Variety in the volcanic rock. — Felspar dykes. — Accompanied by gypseous veins. — Granitic chain crossing 

 the river further down. — Soda Lake, its length and form.. — appearance of the surface. — Saline coating of the surface. — 

 Quicksand bottom. — Subsoil soaked with water. — Intrusion of a dyke upon the playa. — Primary limestone. — Aspect of 

 the playa. — Mirage. — Origin of the saline incrustation of the playa. — Freshness of the river water. — Kecapitulation. — 

 Characters of the country east of the Sierra Nevada. — Appearance of the valleys. — Slopes of the conglomerate. — Different 

 level of Soda Lake and the Colorado river. — Direction and nature of the mountain ranges. — Number of ranges between 

 Soda Lake and the Sierra. — Intervals between the chains. — Fall of rain. — Limited fertility of the district. — Number of 

 animals sacrificed from drought. — Exposure of the high plain to winds. — Cold of nights. — Dew. — Thunder storms with- 

 out rain. — Parallelism of the geological forces. — Plain reaching across the Colorado to the Pimas villages. — Saline incrus- 

 tations at Soda Lake. — Chemical examination of. — Crust at Navajo camp. 



CHAPTER XVI. 



Bituminous effusions. 



Localities where bitumen exists — Proximity to the coast. — Submarine exudations. — Bitumen found in all stages of consist- 

 ence.— Its abundance. — Santa Cruz bitumen, particulars of.— Bitumen of San Luis valley. — Nature of the asphaltic rook, 

 and details. — Fluidity of the bitumen. — Subterranean cavities. — Bitumen of Napoma.— Of La Purissima. — Nature of the 

 strata through which it leaks. — Bitumen of Santa Barbara, locality, and extent of the bed. — A solid bitumen, no fluid 

 outpouring. —Exposure along the shore cliff. — Estimate of the quantity which this locality affords. — Proprietorship of the 

 land.— Enumeration of the strata at the cliff. —Upraised beach along the terrace. — Evidence of time afforded by a consid- 

 eration of the cliff strata. — Bitumen of Rincon and San Buenaventura river.- Curve of the shore line.— Enumeration and 

 thickness of the asphaltic rocks.— Bitumen spring twelve miles up Buenaventura river.— Sulphur spring, its temperature.— 

 Liquid overflow of bitumen. — Strata of the neighborhood. — Deposits on the Santa Clara river. — Bitumen of Los Angeles 

 valley. — Locality of. — Extent of outflow. — Liquid nature of. — Strata of the locality, amount of the bitumen, and cost at 

 the spring — Contrast between the supply at Los Angeles and at Santa Barbara. — Difi'erent estimates of the value of 

 asphaltum. — Pecuniary wealth of Los Angeles valley in this mineral. — Bitumen of San Pedro, of San Juan Capistrano, 

 and San Diego. — Remarks on the occurrence of bitumen in the strata of California. — Speculation on the probable origin 

 of liitumen. 



