CHAPTER X. 



SANTA BARBARA MOUNTAINS. 



SIT0ATION AND EXTENT OF THI8 RANGE— ABSENCE OF PRIMARY ROCK. — REPETITION OF UPHEAVALS.— SeCONDABT AXES, THEIR NUMBER AND 



POSITION — Eastern limit of the range at san bdenaventdra river. — Erroneocs views put forth by recent writers. — The 



SANTA BARBARA MOUNTAINS MUCH MORE RECENT THAN SAN BERNARDINO. — DIFFERENT POSITION OF THE AXES OF THIS CHAIN FROM 

 THAT OF THE OTHER COAST RANGES. — GrANITE OF MATILIHAH. — VoLCANIC ROCKS OF THE CHAIN. — AmPHIBOLE AND FELSPATHIC. 



Position of the axial rockb found in the plain. — Position of serpentine as a ma.ssivt: rock. — Associated minerals. — Ele- 

 vating POWER OF THE IGNEOUS ROCKS. — BEDS OF LIMONITE. — WlDTH OF VOLCANIC VEINS. — SEDIMENTARY BEDS. — DIFFERENT POINTS 

 OF OBSERVATION. — CLASSIFICATION OP THE STRATA. — POSITION OF CAMP XXII. — MeTAMORPHIC ROCKS. — DiP OF THE SANDSTONES — 



Enumeration of the strata in the santa inez valley.— Gaviotb pass —Peculiar features of.— Elevated terrace of thr 



SANTA BARBARA SHORE — GeOLOSICAL STRUCTURE OF. — ENUMERATION OF THE STRATA ON THE SOUTH SIDE OP THE RANGE. — PeOBABLB 

 THICKNESS OF THE STRATA. — FoRAMINlFEROUS AND ASPUALTIC BEDS ALONG SHORE. — DEVIATION OF THE SHORE LINE. — EVIDENCE OP 



RECENT UPHEAVAL. — UPHEAVAL OF THE STRATA EAST OF TOWN OF SANTA BARBARA. PoiNT RINCON. — ANALOGY IN STRUCTURE WITH 



QUESTA SAN MARCUS — POSITION OF STRATA ALONG SAK BUENAVENTURA RIVER. — SULPHUR SPRING AND BITUMEN BEDS. — TERRACED 

 VALLEY HIGHER UP.— CHARACTER OF THE DISTRICTWHERE THE SOURCES OF THE BUENAVENTURA ARISE.^Of THE FOSSILS CONTAINED IN 

 THE STRATA ON THE NORTH SIDE. — Of THE FOSSILS CONTAINED IN THE STRATA ON THE SOUTH SIDE. — RELATION OP THE BEDS ON EACH 

 SIDE OF THE AXIS TO EACH OTHER, AND TO THE PAKZA, SANTA MARGARITA, AND SAN RAFAEL STRATA. 



This sierra, one of the most important and well defined of the ranges in the State, extends in 

 a direction nearly east and west, forming the prominent crest of hills observed in sailing from 

 Point Concepcion towards San Pedro. The length of the chain is from ninety to one hundred 

 miles, the whole extent of Santa Barbara county, and its greatest width, at any point, is not 

 more than ten miles, and toward its western edge considerably less. Viewed from the sea, it 

 forms a lofty and decided barrier, rising from 1,300 to 2,000 feet above the plain, its naked 

 sandstone summits presenting rugged angular sky outlines of an uniform character throughout 

 its entire length. The chain is almost unbroken in its entire extent, in one or two places 

 only being interrupted, as at Gaviote pass. The Questa San Marcus cannot be deemed, 

 properly, a pass, as there is no gorge through the range, but rather a mountain trail, which 

 takes a smooth summit as a crossing. 



There is no primary rock observable in the entire chain, the upheaval being produced by 

 a series of serpentine and volcanic protrusions, repeated at separate intervals between Point 

 Concepcion and the Buenaventura river ; at this latter point this chain of hills terminates. 

 Between this river and the point as many as five distinct axes of volcanic force can be dis- 

 tinguished, each of them j)roducing a link or wave in the chain which drops down toward the 

 shore, and is replaced by another which lies close at its back, thus forming distinct ridges 

 without distinct breaks forming passes. 



These secondary axes are in order from west to east : 



Axis 1. Northern extremity, terminating in Point Arguello and the southern west of the 

 Gaviote pass. 



Axis 2. That of Punto Sal and La Purissima, running west of Mission Viejo and east of 

 Gaviote Pass. 



Axes 3 and 4. Two small axes occupying the chain along shore from Ortegas raJbch to four 

 or five miles north of Santa Barbara ; axis 4 terminating at Rincon. 



Axis 5. Axis terminating four miles up the San Buenaventura river, 

 9 U 



