68 ENUMERATION OF SEDIMENTARY BEDS. 



may be observed dipping botb ways. This occurs at San Marcus pass and east of Santa Barbara, 

 where at two points the chain may be observed to be broken through, and the strata tilted both 

 S.E. and S.W. by the volcanic protrusion ; about 4^ miles E. of the town of Santa Barbara 

 this may be as well seen. The same may also be observed in the chain near Carpenteria. Thus, 

 the strata are not only elevated by these magnesian and laval rocks, but they are also inclined 

 in various directions in conformity with the direction and extent of those upheavals, proving 

 that the elevation of the range is due, not to the granite of Bernardino, but to the magnesian 

 rocks and trachytic lavas found in situ. 



Accompanying the volcanic rocks are small beds of limonite (bog iron ore) arising from the 

 decomposition of the pyrites found in contact with the trappean lava. The deposits are small 

 and unconnected, and does not warrant the belief that extensive collections could be had of this 

 useful ore. 



The space occupied by the intruding rocks is rarely great. The widest veins were those 

 observed in Santa Inez valley, at the point indicated previously, where the tremolite and am- 

 phibole rocks might be 150 feet in width. The serpentine has rarely been observed in one single 

 place so thick, though often occurring in several seams parallel and contiguous. On the shore 

 at Eincon the laval vein was 24 feet in width. 



SEDIMENTARY STRATA. 



The upheaved beds have been observed at several points, with results indicating considerable 

 uniformity ; they have been observed on both sides of the axis. In Santa Inez valley at Camp 

 22. The north side was examined, while the southern dip was observed at the Gaviote pass, 

 and generally along the range to San Buenaventura river. 



The various strata may be divided into five distinct groups : 



Group 1. Greenish grits and fine conglomerate sandstones. 



Group 2. Arenaceous sandstones. 



Group 3. Brown and drab colored sandstones, coarse and gypseous. 



Group 4. Calcareous sandstones, with veins of calcite. 



Group 5. Whitish slaty argillite beds. 



All of these beds were fossiliferous. Groups 1, 4, and 5 were best displayed in the Santa Inea 

 valley, south of the river ; while beds 2 and 3 constituted the chief mass exposed in the southern 

 slopes, forming the bare and brownish crests and slopes which render the chain so similar along 

 its whole extent, and which has a remarkable resemblance to the appearance of the sandstones 

 on the two Panza hills. 



In the order given above, these groups were observed either in passing from the shore into 

 the Santa Inez valley, through the Gaviote pass, or in passing from Camp 22, in the valley, 

 down the creek toward the mission, and the trail leading to the pass ; or, finally, by passing 

 over Questa San Marcus,* or up the San Buenaventura river, where a cross section of the range 

 was obtained. 



Camp 22 was favorably placed for observing the strata on the northeast slope in the Santa Inez 

 valley, situated on the left bank of the river, two miles up a small creek, and overlooking the 

 valley, above which it might be elevated 100 feet ; it lay almost upon the axis of the range, 

 which here crossed in a S.E. direction. Trappean rock, a brownish augitic variety, accom- 



* For the geological information of this pass and a few other localities, I am indebted to uiy friend and fellow traveller 

 A. H. Campbell, C. E. 



