TUEBINAKIJi; CRATEKIFORMES. 27 



This form differs from T. crater in the coiiically protuberant calicles with very thin 

 margins round the apertures, and also in. its tendency to form pronounced folds which may 

 stand up as liigh ridges radiating from near the centre of the cup, these ridges mounting up 

 into conical processes thickly covered with tail projecting calicles. The type specimen shown 

 in the plate is a good example of this method of frilling. This species is certainly not far 

 removed from T. foliosa (of. PI. XVIII.), from which it differs chiefly in the greater coarseness 

 of the calicles. 



On the other hand, the specimens that fold but little, and have only non-protuberant, or 

 but slightly protuberant calicles, might almost be classed with T. crater. 



Again, the taU conical calicles recall the T. Irassica of Dana,* but its whole method of 

 growth seems diflerent, and further the calicles in T. Irassica are distributed evenly and 

 sparsely over the whole corallum, whereas in this coral the tall conical calicles are confined 

 to the taU ridges, as in T. foliosa, elsewhere they are but slightly protuberant. 



Conical calicles occur also in a small cup described as a new type, T. abnormalis (p. 36), 

 but the contrast is great. T. abnormalis has the tall calicles springing from the bottom of its 

 cup, hence its name, whereas the coral under discussion has the coraUites in the bottom of the 

 cup, and in the troughs between the ridges, immersed and so crowded as to imply very rapid 

 secondary budding. 



The method of growth in which the margin grows round the folds is not unlike 

 that which characterises the mesenteriform type, but in this case it is quite irregular, the 

 processes formed by the folds ranging from tall, thick cones to mere undulations of the 

 surface. 



There are in all six complete specimens, all of them large cups, the smallest being 22 cm. 

 in diameter. 



There is considerable variation among the calicles in the different specimens, as there is 

 indeed among the calicles on one and the same specimen. Yet they appear linked together in 

 a way which makes it difficult to separate them. 



a. Locality not recorded. [Register No. 93. 7. 1. 6.] (Type.) (PI. II.) 



b. Malay Seas. India Museum. 



c. West Singapore (in three pieces). Raffles Museum. 



d. Locality not recorded. [Register No. 80. 12. 6. 3.] 



e. Australia. Lord Derby [P.]. 



/. Locality not recorded. [Register No. 55. 1. 10. 2.] 



</, Locality not recorded. [Register No. 93. 7. 1. 10.] 



h. A small fragment. [Register No. 43. 3. 6. 114.] 



i. Formosa. Swinhoe Coll. 



There is, in addition, a young cup somewhat resembling this coral, especially in 

 showing the same method of commencing to fold and again flattening out. Tlie calicles 

 also are not unlike, but, perhaps owing to the youth of the specimen, they hardly protrude 

 at all. It is from the Malay Seas, and apparently collected at the same time as specimen b. 

 It may therefore be an early cup stage of this coral. It, however, shows affinity with 

 the next type. 



J. Malay Seas. India Jluseum. 



* Zoophytes, Atlas, pi. xxix. fig. 1. 



