TURBINARIiE CRATERIFORMES. 31 



fortunately persists. The species is not based solely upon the crumpled character of the 

 edges, which, however, appears to be normal, although it may be due to contact with other 

 growths or to tlie irritation of parasites, but also upon tlie character of the calicles, which 

 appear to be distinct from those of any other Turbinarian. The only other specimens with 

 such a conspicuous columella, differ entirely in other respects from this one. 



a* Roebuck Bay, West AustraUa. Saville-Kent Coll. 95. 8. 29. 11. 



Species 7. Turbinaria undata. (PI. IV. ; PI. XXXI. fig. 7.) 



i?<5sm;?<ion.— Corallum an open shallow cup with very short but very thick stalk. The 

 edge is thrown up into sharp waves, not, however, in vertical planes but sloping at an angle 

 with the plane of the rim of the cup. 



The caHcles elliptical, protuberant on the ridges and slopes of the folds, with thick, 

 almost perpendicular, waUs thinning off round the edge of the aperture (2 mm.). Septa thick, 

 granular (ca. 20), not reaching the half-radius circle at the margin of protuberant caUcles, but 

 sloping down around the long-oval, funnel-shaped and deep fossa. The columella is a very 

 protuberant row of distinct granules, either single or double. In very large double caHcles it 

 may be a conspicuous square, triangular, or oblong mass of fine granules. 



The interseptal loculi are not sharply bounded peripherally, but run on irregularly into 

 the furrows of the coenenchyma. 



The coenenchyma is very deHcately and deeply cut. The ridges are not sharply 

 circumscribed, but tend to be flaky and reticular, often very fine and granular. 



There is one complete adult specimen of this coral, 18 cm. in diameter ; the stalk is not 

 more than 2 cm. high, but reaches 7 cm. in diameter. In the character of the folding and 

 in general aspect, it resembles specimens both of T. crater and of T. dance, with either 

 of which perhaps it might be united. The calicles, however, differ. 



The specimen is of interest on account of the peculiar character of some of the young 

 submerged calicles. These appear to connect it. with a young cup previously labelled 

 T. crater Pallas, but which, on account of this pecuUarity I had ventured, in spite of its 

 immaturity, to class as a new species. 



The cup referred to is circular (3 cm. across), open, evenly concave ; edges with a slight 

 tendency to wave, calicles circular or elliptical, without fossa;, septa and columella being 

 flush with the margin. The stalk is short, without expanded base, having grown round 

 some projection or small fragment. 



The calicles are peculiar in sho\\ing no tendency to rise above the cccnenchyma in 

 bending upwards. Their upper edges, on reaching the surface of the coenenchyma, cease 

 to grow. The abaxial margins, however, continue to grow outwards, so that the calicles round 



* A Balanus on this specimen deserves attention ; the arrangement of the teeth on its shell 

 IS strikingly like an imitation of the surface markings of the cwnenchyma. The suggestion of 

 imitation is strengthened by the presence on the shell, of two arrangements of "teeth" which 1 

 at first mistook for irregular calicles. It was only by close examination that I became satisfied 

 that the shell was not covered by coeucnchyma. 



