TUKBINAKIyE CEATERIFORMES. 35 



attached or l)urrovving orj^anisms. The character of the calicles, however, in spite of the 

 abnormal conditions of growth, justifies the establishing of a new species. Two corals liave 

 since been acquired for tlie National Collection, which show tliis character as normal in 

 their cases. 



Tlie one from the Barrier Eeef is a massive stony cup, like a mortar, with all the thinner 

 edges broken or worn away ; the character of the calicles can, however, be made out, the 

 cffinenchyma being so massive that it has suffered little. 



The other, from the Holothuria lieef, is a curved fragment showing the thin growing 

 margin. The ccenenchyma, porous and brittle along the growing edge, becomes gradually 

 denser till, aliout an inch from the edge, it is like stone. This would explain the loss of the 

 margin all round the worn cup from the Barrier Eeef. 



This great density of the ccenenchyma, which is in keeping with the minute size and 

 scattered distribution of the calicles, is the most striking characteristic of this type. 



a. Wednesday Island, Torres Straits, 8 fathoms. H.M.S. ' Challenger.' ^Type.) 



h. Great Barrier Eeef.' Saville-Kent Coll. 



c. Basset-Smith Shoal, Holothuria Eeef, 9 fathoms. Lords of the Admiralty. 



Species 12. TurWnaria pustulosa. (I'l. HI. ; PI. XXXI. fig. 11.) 



Description. — Corallum crateriform ; margin not thin, much wrinkled ; short, thick 

 peduncle. 



Calicles slightly projecting, a large proportion of the projections swelling almost into 

 globules the size of a pea, 4 mm. in diameter. The aperture, mostly circular, averages 2 mm. 

 in diameter, and looks upwards and inwards. Septa about 20, not reaching the half-radius 

 circle, but bending round almost immediately to descend vertically, or nearly so, to surround 

 the deep fossa. The columella oval, protuberant, irregularly reticulate ; interseptal loculi 

 short, wedge-shaped, irregularly bounded peripherally. 



Ccenenchyma appears granular, but the ridge and furrow system is well developed, the 

 ridges, however, being short and not continuous. 



Tliere are two specimens which are strildngly dissimilar at first sight. One is a large 

 deep cup of a rich red-brown colour, and the other a shallower cup of a grey colour with walls 

 much distorted apparently by pressure from surrounding objects. They appear, howevei', to 

 be united by the peculiar character of the projecting calicles (which has suggested the specific 

 name), and by the surface markings of the caaiencliyma. Tlie distortion of the wall seen in 

 the gi-ey specimen is found also slightly indicated in the larger one. It consists of a turning 

 over inwards of the margin and then a bending out again. 



The calicles not showing this swollen form, either hardly project above the ccenenchyma, 

 or are else barrel-shaped, showing all intervening stages between these two. The barrel- 

 shaped projection leads gradually to the swollen globular calicle. 



a. Port Denison, Great Barrier Eeef. Saville-Kent Coll. (Type.) 



h. Gulf of Carpentaria. Saville-Kent Coll. 



F 2 



