TURBINARI^E FRONDENTES. 47 



Species 24. Turbinaria auricularis. (PI. X. ; PI. XXXI. fig. 20.) 



Description. — Larfje open cup with thin, nearly erect walls, from wliich accessory lobes 

 rise and curl round vertical a.xes, forming secondary incomplete cups within the cavity of the 

 original. 



Calicles, somewhat close together in irregular concentric rows which are rather far apart, 

 project as slight conical or rounded bulgings of the coenenchyma. The aperture circular or 

 oval, occupying the whole top of the eminence, varies from 1-5 to 2*5 mm. in diameter. 

 Septa (1(J to 24), beset with fine granules, seen from above, project evenly to the half-radius 

 circle ; seen laterally, they slope gradually downwards and then bend sharply to descend 

 vertically to the columella. The fossa is shallow but well marked, cylindrical or oval. The 

 columella api)ears to be formed of a row of transverse granular plates, sometimes joined along 

 their centres by a directive keel. 



The interseptal loculi are narrow, but well marked, and owing to the fineness of the 

 surface structure of the ccenenchyma, appear to be well marked peripherally. 



The ccenenchyma appears to the naked eye nearly smooth, but is rough to the touch ; 

 and a pocket-lens shows a typical ridge-and-furrow system largely broken up into series of fine 

 granules or points. 



The single specimen here described seems to have hung from the side of some object. 

 The bottom of the cup is smooth and round like that of a soup-ladle, and there is no trace of a 

 stalk. The interior of the cup lias been influenced iu its growth by the deposition of a mass 

 of sediment. It was, however, in vigorous growth when collected, and the characters are 

 perfectly normal. 



The specific name was suggested by the ear-shaped (or spoon-shaped) accessory fronds 

 which develop within the original cup. They make it probable that the young form of the 

 cup was such an ear-shaped frond attached to the side of some object. 



a. Ponape. (Type.) 



Species 25. Turbinaria calicularis. (PI. XI. ; PI. XXXIT. fig. 1.) 

 Turbinaria craler, Quelch (partim), Chal. Rep. Cor., 1886, p. IGG. 



DescHption. — Corallum cup-shaped, with short indistinct stalk, margin not very thin, 

 where broken (i. e. interrupted by foreign bodies) folding round vertical axes. 



Calicles somewhat crowded in concentric lines, which are, however, not very close 

 together, projecting on blunt cones (2 mm. high and under) ; apertures circular, hardly 

 occupying the whole top of the eminence (2 mm. to less than 1 mm. in diameter). Septa 

 (mostly 13) thick at the margin and well marked, but not reaching to tlie half-radius circle, 

 descending vertically round a rather deep cylindrical fossa ; columella hardly protuberant 



Intersejital loculi irregularly rounded peripherally, so as to be short petaloid. 



Ccenenchyma both inside and outside like fine sandpaper. 



