52 MADEEPOEAEIA. 



the half-radius circle. They slope down at once to descend perpendicularly round the large 

 elliptical fossa (1-5 to 2 mm. in long diameter). The columella is a light spongy mass, with 

 or without a directive keel. 



The interseptal loculi are, as a rule, irregular gashes in the thick margin round the 

 aperture. 



The ridge-and-furrow system of the coenenchyma is generally well marked, but the 

 ridges are thin and delicate, sometimes broken up into points, giving the outside a velvety 

 appearance. On the upper surface, the ridge-and-furrow system is very pronounced round the 

 projecting calicles. 



I have chosen as the type specimen a large, almost circular cup, partly because it shows 

 nearly all the varieties of growth of the group, but chiefly because it is the most perfect 

 specimen. All the older growths in which the primitive cup has been entirely lost are but 

 fragments. 



Some of these fragments were living growths, developing along the edges of dead fronds. 

 One case is especially interesting (j) [Eegister No. 46. 7. 30. 37], as the dead portion is the 

 original stalked cup, while the living, folded portion has grown from its edge, spreading 

 backwards, covering one half of the original cup with a new growth (cf. paragraph on 

 progressive dying and periodical growth. Introduction, p. 12). 



As might be expected, great variety of form and appearance prevails among these 

 fragmentary specimens. In some fragments, the taU, barrel-shaped calicles predominate, 

 owing to the special growth of the portion collected ; others, again, are simple fronds, with 

 calicles hardly projecting at all. It is, indeed, only by the presence of stocks showing both 

 styles of growth that we are enabled to class them together. 



a. Port Denison, Queensland. Saville-Kent Coll. (Type.) 



l-c. Torres Straits (West). Prof. A. C. Haddon. 



d. Gulf of Carpentaria. Saville-Kent Coll. 



e-h. Great Barrier Eeef. SaviUe-Kent CoU. 



i. North Australia. J. E. Elsey, Esq. 



y. Port Essington. J. B. Jukes, Esq. 



I. North-East Australia. H.M.S. 'Alert.' 



Four quite young cups which may belong here or to T. magna, 

 l-o. Great Barrier Eeef. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 12. 1. 



Species 30. Turbinaria pulcherrima. (PI. XI. ; PL XXXII. fig. 6.) 



Description. — Corallum a mass of gyrating fronds, with very imdulating edges, slightly 

 bent outwards, fronds not deep, ca. 5 cm. 



Calicles on slight eminences of the coenenchyme. The apertures elliptical (sometimes 

 oblong) 2 mm. in long diameter, the smaller ones star-shaped. Septa 20 and under, do not, at 

 the aperture, reach the half-radius circle, but slope inwards, bounding a somewhat funnel-shaped 

 fossa, from the base of which a narrow, oval, spongy columella without directive keel protrudes. 



