TURBINARI^ FOLIATyE. 53 



Interseptd loculi very pronounced, petaloid in the smaller star-shaped calicles (with 14 septa) 

 but wedge-shaped in the large calicles (with 20 septa). 



Cccnenchynia a fine velvet-like reticulum, of a beautiful grey coloiir, system of ridges and 

 furrows running in the line of growth, the ridges being fine and saw-like. 



These specimens are interesting because, in the general character of the coenenchyma, 

 they strongly resemble other Turbinarians from the same locality, and thus exemplify what 

 was stated in the Introduction, that the difierent species of Turbinarians, in each locality, 

 acquire a sort of complexion which appears to be peculiar to that locality. 



This species may be the same as the next, T. crii2)a, as its growth appears to be the same. 

 The difference in the calicles may be of secondary importance. 



a. Tongatabu. J. J. Lister, Esq. (Type.) 



h-d. Tongatabu. J. J. Lister, Esq. 



Species 31. Turbinaria crispa. 



Turbinaria crispa, Kehberg, Abh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg, xii. (1892) p. 44. 



This species, described by Eehberg as apparently one of the commonest in the Tonga 

 Islands, may be the same as that just described. The following diagnosis, gathered from 

 Eehberg's description, differs sufficiently from the account of T. pulcherrima to justify their 

 separation, until a closer comparison establishes their specific identity. 



Description. — Corallum, a labyrinth of erect, gyrating fronds, forming cylinders, &c. The 

 fronds retain throughout the same thickness (hardly 3 mm.). 



The calicles with small apertures, 2 (rarely 3) mm. broad, projecting some 3 mm., the 

 base of the eminence being about 4 mm. across. Septa 14 and more, small columella. 

 Coenenchyma is beset with spongy plates, arranged in gyrating rows or with echinul*. 



Eehberg had several examples of this coral 40 cm. in circumference and 30 cm. high. 



From this description, we see that the calicles are more prominent than in T. pulclicmma, 

 although the number of septa appears fairly well to agree. The great height of the stock, as 

 compared with its circumference, leads one also to conclude that the fronds of T. crispa are 

 much deeper than are those of T. pxdchcrrima. 



The grey colour of the coral mentioned by Eehberg, and the character of the ccenenchyma, 

 is another example of the similarity of the Tonga Islands TurUnaricc in these points. 



Species 32. Turbinaria sinensis. 

 Turbinaria sinensis, Verrill, Proc. Essex Institute, v. (1866) p. 27. 



Description. — Corallum " crateriform," large, thick and iirm, attached by a short, thick 

 peduncle. 



Calicles moderately large (ca. 2 mm. in diameter) rather crowded, somewhat in trans- 

 verse and concentric series, standing, except near the edge, almost at right angles, but 

 projecting only slightly above the surface, somewhat swollen at the base. Septa subequal, 



