56 MADREPOEARIA. 



It is of course impossible definitely to assert the specific relationship between the two until 

 we have more specimens showing the intermediate stages of growth. But it is very probable 

 that the small cup is the young stage of the foliate specimen. 



a. Great Barrier Eeef. Saville-Kent Coll. (Type.) 



h. Locality not recorded. (Cup specimen.) [Register No. 93. 7. 1. 11.] 



Species 35. Turbinaria aspera.* (PI. XV. ; PL XXXII. fig. 9.) 



Description. — Corallum composed of irregidarly arranged, much twisted fronds, thin, 

 brittle-looking, shallow (3-4 cm.). The thin growing edge alternately swelled by the budding 

 calicles and' constricted between them; the young calicles are deep, round or fusiform pits. 

 The edge tends to turn up at the tips, but down at the sides of lobate fronds as in the 

 mesenteriform type of growth. 



The calicles sparse, the thin walls projecting sharp and clear from the level coenenchyma 

 or from the top of blunt eminences ; nearly regularly circular (ca. 2 mm.). Septa, about 20, 

 very inconspicuous, merely ridges round the large cylindrical fossa. Columella large, flat or 

 only slightly protuberant, a rather compact mass of granules. Interseptal loculi broad 

 notches in the thin waU of the calicle here and there, when closed peripherally, bulging the 

 wall outwards. Fractures revealing sections of the calicles show that, below the margin, 

 interseptal loculi are much longer, forming a circle of large rays round the columella. 



Ccenenchyma very rough and harsh to the touch, the ridges broken up into pronounced 

 granules, but stUl preserving the ridge-and-furrow system, which shows a tendency to run 

 spirally up the slopes of the calicles. 



I have named this coral after its roughness, the idea being probably as much due to its 

 appearance as to the harshness of the touch, which is a character common to nearly all 

 Turbinarians. 



The type specimen is a fragment of a larger stock and hence may be relied upon to show 

 the typical manner of growth. As is frequent with foUate stocks, this approaches in some 

 ways the mesenteriform type of growth, but it appears to be too irregularly foliate to come 

 into the mesenteriform group. 



a. Habitat unknown. [Register No. 93. 7. 1. 13.] (Type.) 



6, c. Habitat unknown. [Register No. 93. 7. 1. 14^15.] 



d. Red Sea. [40. 5. 7. 32.] 



* There is no fear of confusing this name with the fossil Gemmipora asperrima of Michelin 

 (Icon. Zoophyt., p. 163, pi. xlv. fig. 5). It is indeed doubtful whether this was a Tmbinarian 

 at all, the calicles being wide of the Tm'binarian type. On the other hand, the coral above 

 described may be related to the fossil cup, Gemmipora (Turbinaria) cyathiformis, Blainville (see 

 Michelin, I.e. p. 65, pi. xiii. fig. 8) which has the same hard sharp edges to the calicles, and the spiral 

 twist of the ridges on the coenenchyma, although the twist is not peculiar to this species. 



