58 MADREPORAKIA. 



Lamarck's specific name was originally applied by him to a single specimen from the 

 Indian Ocean which he identified with Madrepora cinerascens of Ellis and Solander. Hence, 

 for a long time the names mcsejiterina and cinerascens were used as synonymons, although 

 the name cmcrascens clearly had the priority. Milne-Edwards was the first who revived 

 Lamarck's name and description for a type distinct from cinerascens, and beautifully illus- 

 trated in the atlas to his ' Coralliaires.' And still more recently Klunzinger has applied the 

 name to a coral whicli differs again considerably from Milne-Edwards' mesentcrina. Further, 

 Dr. Klunzinger identified his mesentcrina with Ehrenberg's Explanaria cinerascens. We have, 

 then, Lamarck claiming that his specimen is the same as Ellis and Solander's cinerascens ; 

 while Milne-Edwards and Klunzinger affirm it to be distinct, but do not agree as to the 

 Tui'binarian to which the name should be applied. 



Lastly, Briiggemann in working over the Collection, identified a specimen from the 

 Indian Ocean (Island of Eodriguez) in the National Collection as Lamarck's mesentcrina. 

 This specimen appears to correspond fairly well with Klunzinger's identification, differ- 

 ing chiefly in the number of septa. Again, the general aspect of the projecting calicles 

 agrees with that shown in Milne-Edwards' figure. But here again there are differences in 

 important details : for instance, the latter author figures the calicles as very sharply circum- 

 scribed ; whereas in Briiggemann's specimen the margin is jagged, the ridges being continuous 

 with the septa. 



iJi'. Klunzinger's photograph shows a small portion of the edge of the corallum which 

 appears to resemble, both in the thickness of the corallum and in the characters of the young 

 calicles, the Museum specimen ; and further, in both, the calicles are very irregularly 

 distributed. 



Lamarck's description of the calicles is very short : " Les etoiles sont creuses, a lames 

 tres etroites et nombreuses." Milne-Edwards, instead of " creuses " has " tres profondes " ; 

 while Klunzinger described those in his specimens as " seicht (1 to 1 • 5 mm. tief )." In the 

 Museum specimen, they are also about the same depth (1 to 1-5 mm.), but certainly look 

 deep. Lamarck's description of the septa agrees well with that of Klunzinger's species and 

 with the Museum specimen identified by Briiggemann. 



Dr. Klunzinger's description of the method of growth seems to accord well with what I 

 liave named mesenteriform. 



I am therefore inclined, in the main, to accept Klunzinger's description, slightly modified 

 by comparison with the Museum specimen, while I propose to refer Milne-Edwards' specimen 

 to another species, T. elegans. 



Lastly, Dr. Ivlunzinger had access to Ehrenberg's types, and we gather from his 

 synonymy, that his mcseiitcnna is the same as Ehrenberg's Explanaria cinerascens. 



There is only one specimen. A fragment from the Great Barrier Eeef may, perhaps, 

 belong here on account of its general structural resemblance. 



a. Island of Eodriguez. Eoyal Society. 



? b. Great Barrier Eeef. Saville-Kent Coll. 



Species 38. Turbinaria conica. 

 Turbinaria conica, Klunzinger, Korallenthicre des rothen Meeres, ii. (1879) p. 51. 



Description. — Corallum usually smaU, encrusting ; margin free, much folded and often 

 somewhat turned up, not so rolled into columns as in the last type. 



