TURBINARI^ MESENTERIFORMES. 59 



Calicles very prominent, conical, 4 to 6 mm. broad at the base, 4 to 5 mm. high. 

 Apertures 2 mm. Septa 20 to 21. Fossa deep, 2-2*5 mm. from the aperture to the 

 columella. Ccenenchyma like that of the foregoing. 



The cliief differences between this and the last species seem to be in the greater projection 

 of the calicles and greater depth of the fossa;. I hardly think these differences alone 

 sufficient, as variations in tlus respect witliin the same species, even on one and the same stock, 

 are enormous. There may, however, be other differences in the characters of the calicles, 

 (e. g. in the form of tlie septa) not given in Dr. Klunzinger's description.* 



Tlierc is one fragmentary specimen in the National Collection, from the Red Sea, showing 

 the mesenteriform manner of growth, which may perhaps be Turhinaria conica, but in 

 addition to greater prominence of the calicles than in 'f. mescntcrina, it has somewhat more 

 conspicuous septa. They do not reach to the half-radius circle, but slope down almost 

 immediately in a gentle curve to the columella. The fossa is open, cylindrical and deep, but 

 hardly 2 • 5 mm., and the columella is large, rather flat and compact. 



The spechnen is unfortunately only a fragment, crowded with young, actively growing 

 calicles, with only from 12 to 16 septa and rather loose spongy edges, and not yet in their 

 mature condition. Under these circumstances, it is impossible to make a new name. The 

 great prominence of the calicles, some of the more mature of which have 20 septa, and the 

 general resemblance in manner of growth suggest that the specimen may be provisionally 

 associated with Dr. Ivlunzinger's Red Sea species T. conica. If this is the case, it is not (as 

 Klunzinger suggests) the same as Milne-Edwards' T. mesenterina. 



a. Red Sea. Purchased. 



Species 39. Turbinaria lichenoides. (PI. XYI. ; PI. XXXII. fig. 11.) 



Description. — Corallum, a flat, nodulated mass surrounded by fringes of small nearly 

 horizontal fronds. The single fronds are 3 to 4 cm. deep and closely packed, much folded 

 and twisted, bent slightly outwards or downwards along their edges. Looked at from below, 

 those composing the outermost ring are seen to be lobed, while many have their edges twisted 

 round underneath, as if rolling up to form a finger or kuob or cylinder. The growing margin is 

 thin and almost composed of young calicles with inconspicuous fossae. 



Calicles crowded, but very slightly projecting. Apertures irregular or round or elliptical, 

 the largest and most projecting 3 mm. long diameter. Septa (16 to 24, according to size of 

 calicle) very unequal, long at the sides and short at the ends of the oval apertures. Seen 

 from above, they appear to cross the half -radius circle, but in reality bend round not far from 

 the margin to slope down to form a funnel-shaped, often slit-like fossa. Columella indistinct, 

 sometimes seen as a row of irregular granules. 



Coenenchyma on the upper side finely granular, on the under side velvety. 



a. Great Barrier Reef. Saville-Kent Coll. (Tj'pe.) 



• Dr. Klunzinger's jjhotograph, pi. vi. fig. 11a, which apparenth' refers to T. conica (fig. 15 in 

 the text at the bottom), does not show any great ditl'crences in the caHclos beyond those desctibcd 

 in the text, but the photographs are small, and the finer details would not be easily reproduced. 



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