62 MADREPORAEIA. 



project far beyond the half -radius circle ; bend sharply, and descend perpendicularly round the 

 small circular or oval fossa. Columella a thin flattened plate or vertical rod rising sometimes 

 nearly as high as the margin. Interseptal loculi long, regular, petaloid, being sharply defined 

 periplierally. 



Ccenenchyma above, porous, spongy ; below, a system of ridges and furrows, the former 

 more or less broken up into short crooked lengths or into points. 



The specific name of this coral I found suggested by the late Mr. George Brook in some 

 pencil notes upon the genus. It is apparently not far removed from T. dance (p. 26). 



Unlike many of the tabulate growths, which have a very tliick, usually dense corallum, 

 the large specimen of T. foliosa, though 25 cm. radius and largely unsupported, is not of any 

 very great thickness. It is, further, of comparatively loose texture. It is apparently 

 strengthened by the fan-like arrangements of its foldings. 



A smaller specimen, appearing to belong to the type, seems to be in the second period of 

 growth. Points of new growth are found along the margin of the old, as small flat discs (1 to 

 1 ■ 5 cm. in diameter) sitting horizontally on the upturned edges. This looks like a true case 

 of periodic growth, which seems more suitable to the tabulate method of stock formation than 

 the usual regular progressive dying away of the older portions, while the distal portions extend 

 indefinitely. 



a. Locality not recorded. [Register No. 37. 5. 13. 63.] (Type.) 



b. Locality not recorded. [Register No. 37. 6. 10. 297.] 



c. (A fragment.) Locality not recorded. [Register No. 43. 3. 6. 113.] 



Species 44. Turbinaria rugosa. (PI. XIX. ; PI. XXXII. fig, 16.) 



Description. — A horizontal oval dish, surface much crumpled, and edges much folded ; 

 margin thick, 4 to 5 mm. ; growing calicles along margin not conspicuous. 



Calicles crowded, on conical protuberances, projections often fuse together. Aperture 

 hardly filling the top, oval, often as if the cone head had been pinched ; ca. 2 mm. long 

 diameter. Septa (15 to 18) reaching to, occasionally crossing, the half-radius circle; seen 

 from above, thick and granular, often wedge-shaped, bending slowly round from the margin 

 to descend perpendicularly round a small oval fossa. Columella minute, distinct, protuberant, 

 sometimes a thin plate. Interseptal loculi, owing to the granulation of the septa, long thin 

 slits, approaching to long petaloid. 



Ccenenchyma above, very finely spongy or granular, under surface appears smooth and 

 stony to the naked eye, but the glass reve3,ls a very fine ridge-and-furrow system. 



There is only one specimen and a fragment from Formosa, having a close general 

 resemblance to other species from the same locality. It cannot, however, be classed with 

 any of them. In some respects it approaches nearest to T. foliosa. 



a. Formosa. Swinhoe Coll. (Type.) 



b. (A fragment.) Formosa. Swinhoe CoU. 



