MORPHOLOGY OF THE COEAL SKELETON. 47 



fig. 2b; OcuUna vkhsburgensis^ PI. X, fig. 8a; and Cmlohelia wagneriaua, PL 

 XII, fig. 19b, indicate diff"erent kinds of pali. In the cross section of 

 paliferous corals the ])ali may usuallj^ be recognized by the modified 

 thickened inner ends of the septa. PI. VIII, fig. 7, Trochocyathus dtteU, is 

 an ilkistration of this. 



The treatment of these structures by von Koch is so brief and excel- 

 lent that it is quoted in full: 



The pali (or Pfiihlchen) are. not equal in value to tlie preceding skeletal iiarts 

 but can be con.sidered simply as appendages, differentiations of tlie septa. Tliis has 

 long been known of the so-called false pali (Cladocora, etc.); for one can here easily 

 see on the grown skeletons that the palus is only a lobe divided from the septal surface 

 by an indentation of greater or less depth. I believe that the same is also the case 

 with the so-called true pali; at least this can be proven for CaryophijlUa cyafhus, 

 which serves as the type of corals with true pali. There the young skeletons of less 

 than 24 septa possess no distinct pali (fig. 5). First, after this stage, they occur, 

 and then indeed as indistinct (unverkennbar) lobes of the sejita, thus as false pali 

 (PI. I, fig. 13), and first on old, thickened skeletons do they appear in that individ- 

 ualization which the much copied and generally known figure of Milne-Edwards 

 gives.' 



The structure of the pali does not differ from that of the septa in any 



essential way." 



SYNAPTICUL.ffi;. 



Syuapticula; are rods or bars that connect two adjacent septa. Exam- 

 ples of the rod-like forms are illustrated by the drawings of Mesomorpha 

 duncani (PI. XVIII, fig. 8c) and of StepJianomorpJia monticulifoniiis (PI. 

 XVIII, figs. <i and 7). The Ixir-shaped synapticulge are typically de^•eloped 

 in Fiingia.^ Structures similar in character are shown in this paper by 

 PI. VII, fig. 4, Trochoajatlius hmnUtiformis ; PI. VII, fig. IG, T. dcpressus; 

 PI. VIII, fig. 20, Pamcyathus hellus; and PI. V, figs. 19 and 19a, Discofrochus 

 orhigniamis. 



Synapticulpe have their origin in the fusion of two opposed granula- 

 tions or of two opposed combined series of granulations across an inter- 



1 Op. cit., p. 259. Von Koch adds in a footnote : " Nach der gewohnliohen Darstellung sollcn die 

 Pali in der Kegel deiu ersteu Septeucyclns fehlou. Icli koniite vielfach konstatiren (z. B. bei Caryopli. 

 riigosa, Morph. .Iahrl>. 1880, etc.), dass die Pali anfaugs vor den Septan des ersteu Cyklus stelien und 

 bei deu iilteren Thieren vor denen des zweiten.'' 



- See description of Dichocnnia elolesi, p. 140; Ocitlina diffusa, p. 116; also Ogilvie, op. cit., pp. 149 

 and 153, description of the palus of Goniastru'a. 



^Cf. Ogilvie, op. cit., p. 172, fig. 37. 



