CARYBDEIDiE — TAMOYA, TRIPEDALIA. 513 



Tamoya haplonema F. Miiller. 



Plate 57, figs. 2 to l'" . 



Tamava haplonema, Miiv-i-SLR, 1859, Abhanjl. Naturf. Ges. Halle, Bd. 5, p. I,taf. I, 2.— AcAsslz, I.., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., 

 vol. 4, p. 174. — Haeckf.l, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 443. — Brooks, 1882, Stutlles Johns Hopkins Univ. Biol. Lab., vol. 2, 

 p. 138. — VON Lendenfeld, 1884, Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, p. 245. — Maver, 1904, Memoirs Nat. Sci. 

 Museum Brooklyn Inst. Arts and Sci., vol. i, p. 28, plate 7, figs. 60-64. 



Tamoya prismatica, Haeckel, Ibid,, p. 445. 



Carybdea {Tamoya) haplonema, Fewkes, 1889, Report U. S. Commis. Fish and Fisheries for 1886, p. 526. 



Bell 90 mm. high, 55 mm. wide, with vertical sides, and relatively flat top. Exumbrella 

 surface thickly covered with white, wart-like clusters of nematocysts. 4 pedalia, 30 mm. 

 long, flat, spatula-shaped, and sharp-edged. Tentacles 90 mm. long, hollow, very flexible 

 and bearing regularly spaced rings of nematocysts that are capable of inflicting a severe sting 

 to the hand. The sensory-clubs have 2 large median and 4 small lateral eyes, all being upon 

 the inner side of the bulb. The large eyes are provided with prominent convex lenses and are 

 ectodermal. There is a large terminal mass of concretions of entodermal origin. 



The velarium is well developed and there are 10 dendritic velar canals in each quadrant, 

 which terminate in numerous, non-anastomosing branches. The nerve-ring running from 

 the base of each pedalium to the sensory-clubs is distinctly visible as a white-colored cord. 

 The stomach extends about a third of the distance from inner apex to level of velarium, and 

 there are 4 slightly recurved lips. Gastric cirri short and numerous. 



The 8 genital organs are curtain-like sheets with frilled edges, which project from the 

 4 interradial septa into the perradial gastrovascular pouches of bell on either side. In old 

 specimens the gonads are so large that their free edges overlap beyond the central line of each 

 perradial stomach-pouch. 



Gelatinous substance of bell transparent. The long, flexible tentacles are milky-yellow, 

 often with a faint purple hue. There are large, white, wart-like clusters of nematocysts over 

 the pedalia and velarium. The genital organs are milky-yellow, the eyes dark brown. 

 I This medusa is exceedingly active, the gelatinous substance of its bell is tough and rigid. 



Tamoya haplonema is widely distributed, having been found on the coast of Brazil, in 

 the West Indies, at Beaufort in North Carolina, and in Great Peconic Bay, and Branford 

 Harbor, Long Island Sound, New York, in the autumn. Our figures were obtained from a 

 specimen captured at the last-named place early in September, 1902. None was found upon 

 the surface in Great Peconic Bay, but all were brought up in dredges from the bottom at 

 depths of a fathom or more. 



Haeckel's Tamoya prismatica from the West Indies is apparently identical with T. hap- 

 lonema. It is described as follows: 



Bell 80 mm. high, 40 mm. broad, pyramidal, and 4-sided. The pedalia are longer and 

 narrower than in T. haplonema. They are wedge-shaped, and 3 times as long as broad, 

 and about half as long as bell-height. In their upper parts they are 3-sided, but below they 

 are 2-sided with small meridional wings. Velarium very wide, with numerous, narrow, 

 branching canals. Stomach large, occupying upper third of bell-cavity. Throat-tube about 

 as large as stomach, 4 prominent lips. Color ( ?) Marginal sense-organs ( ?) 



This form is found in the West Indies. It is probably only a variety of T. haplonema. 



Genus TRIPEDALIA Conant, 1897. 



Tripedalia, Conant, 1897, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, No. 132, p. 9; 1898, Mem. Johns Hopkins Univ. Biol. Lab., vol. 4, 

 No. I, p. 5. 



The type species is T. cystophora, described by Conant from Kingston Harbor, Jamaica. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Carybdeldae with 4 interradial groups of tentacular pedalia, each tentacle being mounted 

 upon a separate, unbranched pedalium which arises from the bell-margin. Velarium with 

 canals and with 4 perradial frenulae. No hernia-like sacs project into the bell-cavity from 

 the main stomach-pouches of umbrella. 



This genus is very closely related to Chiropsalmus, but the pedalia themselves do not 

 branch, but each pedalium of each cluster arises separately from the interradial corner of the 



