.-..{() 



MEDUSA OF THE WORLD. 



f. r,. >o iciuacli:.. 8 gonads extending from middle ol" peduncle to base of arm. Found at 



S|ur/I>crgcn. Described b) Haeckel from a preserved specimen. 



Lucernaria campanulata Lamouroux. 



Lucfrnaria tampanylala, La»,oi Rov:., 1815, M^m. du Museum Hi.t. Na... tome i, p. 47J, planche .5, figs. .-7.-Kr.F,;RSTE.N, 

 ,861 Zeit. fiir uissen. Zool., Bd. iz, p. J?, "f- ■- ^8- 4--Haickel, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 39^ (l.st of htorature).- 

 HitIon 1880, Trans. New Zealand Institute, vol. IZ, p. 275--Cuaus, 1883, Vntersuch. uber Organisation und Entwick. 

 der .Medusen p. 35.-GRAr.1n:, 1884, .Arb.it. Zool. Inst. Wien., Bd. 5, p. 344.-Horsi;li., 1893, Nat. Sci., London, vol. 3, 

 p. 108.-B1AI MONT, 1900, Proc. Roy. Irish .Acad. Dublin, Scr. 3, vol. 5, p. 81 1 .— Kassianow, 1901, Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., 



Bd. 69, p. 370, fig. II. 



Uirrnofia conit>hului, Johnston, 1835, London, Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 8, p. 59, fig. 3. 

 Urernaria, Kowalivskt, 1884, Zool. Anzeiger, Jahrg. 7, p. 711 (embryology). 



This medusa is at once recognized by its symmetrically octagonal disk with its 8 arms 

 45° anan and with equally developed notches between them. There are no longitudinal 

 muscles in the 4 interiadial longitudinal ridges of the peduncle. The medusa is 20 to 30 mm. 

 wide and 30 to 40 mm. high, including the peduncle. Color very variable, being yellowish, 

 red, brownish, etc. Found along European coasts from the Black Sea and Mediterranean 

 10 southern England, Ireland, and Wales. Graefte states that it is found only locally at Trieste, 

 .Adriatic Sea, in May and June, becoming mature at the end of the latter month. Mutton 

 records it from Brighton near Dunedin, New Zealand, but he gives no description. 



For an account of Kowalevsky's observations upon the early stages of the larva see 

 genus Lucernaria. 



Hornell, 1893 (Nat. Sci., vol. 3, p. 208), states that 8 marginal anchors are found in the 

 vounj: medusa, but they soon disappear and are not found in the adult. This leads one to con- 

 clude that i«itr?iar;(;isderived directly 

 from Holiclysttis. Indeed Horst, 1893, 

 finds that the variations in number and 

 development of the marginal anchors is 

 so great that he is inclined to consider 

 Lucernaria to be identical with Hal- 

 iclystus. Kassianow, 1901, records the 

 capture of an abnormal specimen having 

 2 medusa bells arising from one stalk. 



Lucernaria bathyphila Haeckel. 



Lucernaria bathyphila^ Haeckel, 1880, Syst. der 

 Medusen, p. 640; 1881, Report Deep-Sea 

 Medusae ChalUngtr Expedition, Zool., vol. 4, 

 p. 54, plates 16, 17, zl figs. 



Luternosa bathyphila, Antipa, l89Z, Zoolog. Jahrb., 

 Abth. Syst., Bd. 5, p. 379. 



Fi<i. 337. — Lucernaria bathyphila, after Haeckel, in 

 Deep-sea Medusx Challenger Expedition. 



For description, see synopsis of 

 the species of I^ucernaria. Haeckel, 

 1881, gives a very detailed and fully illustrated description of this species. 



Lucernaria australis Vanhoffen. 



Lucernaria auitralii, VANiioFrtN, 1908, Deutsche Siidpolar-Exped., 1901 to 1903, Bd. 10, Zool. 2, p. 32, fign. I, 1. 



Described by Vanhoffen from an immature specimen which had neither gonads nor 

 peduncle. 



Bell 10 mm. high, 9 mm. wide, thimble-shaped, with sloping sides. No basal stalk, but 

 with a weakly developed ring-furrow at aboral end of bell, and an indication of the beginning 

 of a single-chambered |)eduncle. 8 short arms, 2 10 2.5 mm. long, grouped in pairs somewhat 

 closer in the interradii than in the perradii, and with the perradial concavities of margin 

 deeper than the interradial. 25 to 30 short tentacles, with small terminal knobs on each arm. 

 There were 7 very small, tentacle-like marginal bodies somewhat asymmetrically placed 

 near the 4 perradial and 3 of the interradial points of the bell-margin. It is therefore possible 

 that this medusa may be a young Hnliilvstus, but if the marginal bodies degenerate it is a 

 Lucernaria, for such a course of development is known according to Hornell, 1893, in the 

 European species of Lucernaria. The 4 perradial lips of the cruciform mouth are folded and 

 ;m- .11 .iliiiiif half the distance between the depth of bell-cavity and margin. 



