538 MEDUSA OF THK WORLD. 



(?) Genus CRATERLOPHUS Clark, 1863. 



Craierlopliu!, CuRK, 1863, Journal Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,^vol. 7, p. 539. — Haeckkl, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, p. 394. — Gross, 

 1900, Jena Zcit. fiir Xaturwissen, Bd. 33)p. 614. — Maas, 1906, Fauna Arctica, Arktischi-n Medusen, Ed. 4, Lfg. 3, p. 500. 



The type species is Craterlophus tt'tli\s of Helgoland, German Ocean. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Stall romedusa" with 8 adradial lobes and with 4 perradial gastrogenital pouches in the 

 subumbrella wall of the 4 perradial stomach-pouches as in the Cleistocarpid;p. Without per- 

 radial or interradial marginal anchors or marginal papillae. The peduncle is 4-chambered. 



According to Antipa, and Gross, this medusa may sometimes have 8 small tentacles, 4 per- 

 radial and 4 interradial, in the places of the anchors of other Stauromedusae. It is probable, 

 therefore, that Craterlophus is actually identical with Halimoc\athus. 



Craterlophus tethys Clark. 



Lucernaria sp.^ Mettenhfimer, 1854, Abhaniil. Scnckenberg, Naturf. Gcs. Frankfurt, p. 15, taf. 1, fign. 5-11. 



Crattrlophus tethys, Clark. H. J., 1863, Journal Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 7, p. 540. — Kling, 1879, Morpholog. Jahrb., Bd. 5, 

 p. 141, taf. 9-11. — Hertwk;, 1879, Jena.Zeitschr. fiir Nalurw., Bd. 13, p. 61 3, taf. q, fign. 7-12. — Haeckel, 1880, Syst. der 

 Medusen, p. 395. — Cl-Ars, 1883, I'ntersuch, ijber Organisation und Entwick. Medusen, p. 35. — Antipa, 1892, Zool. 

 Jahrb., Abth. Syst., Bd. 6, p. 392 (aboral medusa). — Gross, 1900, Jena. Zeit. fiir Naturw,, Bd. 33, p. 614, taf. 23, 24 

 (anatomy). — Kassianow, 1901, Zeit. fiir wissen. Zool., Bd. 69, pp. 299, 372, taf. 22, 24, 25. 



Bell deep goblet-shaped, higher than wide, 15 to 25 mm. wide, and 25 to 30 mm. high, 

 including peduncle. Peduncle short, 4-sided, prismatic, and 4-chambered, one-founh to one- 

 third as long as bell-height. Peduncle without longitudinal muscles. The 8 adradial arms 

 are short, wide, and 45° apart. 60 to 80 knobbed tentacles upon each arm. There are normally- 

 no marginal anchors, although Antipa, 1892, and Gross, 1900, record abnormal specimens 

 with 8 small tentacles, 4 perradial and 4 interradial. 



The 8 gonads present the appearance of a 4-leaved cross, in the axes of which lie the 4 

 perradial, mesogonial pouches. The 8 arms of the gonads approach pair-wise and extend 

 under the subumbrella from base of throat-tube to bell-margin with their proximal ends 

 nearly touching. Each arm of the gonads has 10 to 16 feathery sinuosities and ver}' numerous 

 saccules. 



Color variable, as in most of the Stauromedusae, being olive-green, yellowish, reddish- 

 brown, or dark brown. 



This form is found at Helgoland, German Ocean, where it lives upon the west coast of 

 the island upon Ulvu, Chorda, or Fticus. Gross, 1900, gives the best description of its inter- 

 nal anatonu'. Kassianow, 1901 (p. 371), finds that '\i Craterlophus tethys be cut longitudin- 

 ally from the oral pole to the middle of the peduncle, each half regenerates a new individual. 

 If, however, the cut be not so deep the edges grow together and restore the former individual 

 although the scar remains as a constriction upon the bell and pharynx. He also reports the 

 Hndiiig ot specimens of this medusa with more than 8 marginal lobes. 



Craterlophus is imperfectly separated from Halimocyathus, bearing the same relation to it 

 that Lucernaria does to Haliclystus. We may, however, retain these generic names mainh 

 as a matter of convenience. In both Craterlophus and Lucernaria the perradial and interra- 

 dial tentacles or anchors are commonly absent, but occasionalU- they appear as an abnormality 

 and in such cases the medusje can not be separated from Halimocyathus and Haliclystus 

 respectively. 



Craterlophus macrocystis von Lendenfeld. 



Craterlophus macrocystis, von Lendenfeld, i884,Proc.Linncan Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, p. 165; 1887, Australian Museum 

 Dcscript. Catalogue Medusa: Australian Seas, part 1, p. 13. 



Umbrella deep and bell-shaped, 12 mm. high, 6 mm. wide. Stalk 8 mm. high and 3 mm. 

 wide when extended. 8 short arms 45° apart, each with a cluster of about 30 tentacles. Gonads 

 feathery, as in C. tethys. Color dark olive-green. East coast of New Zealand on Macrocystis. 

 Rare. 



