CORONAT.^i: PARAPHYLLINA, PALEPHYRA. 



551 



l6 radiating pouches in the radii of the sense-organs and tentacles; these pouches are separated 

 one from another hy i6 septa in the radii of the lappets. These septa may be complete or 

 incomplete; and when incomplete there is a communication between adjacent pouches at the 

 bell-margin forming a peripheral ring-canal. 



The EphyropsidK are creatures of the open sea and are very widely distributed, but 

 are especially abundant in the tropics. In the case of Nausithoe the scyphostoma larva 

 bears a superficial resemblance to a branching hydroid, and it infests sponges. The ephyra 

 is produced by strobilization. 



The genera of the Ephyropsida; are as follows: 



Palephyra Haeck-el, iSSo (.(f«j. ampl.)= EphyTa+ Pahphyra^ Zonefhsra Hacckfl. 8 adradial tentacles, i6 lappets 

 4 interradial gonads. 



Nausithoe KoLUKER, l'iST,'=Nausicaa+Nausil}wi+Nauph,j„la Haeckel. 8 adradial tentacles, l6 lappets, 8 ajradial 



gonads. No subumbrclla saccules. 

 Linuche Eschscholtz, l?,l<)= L,nergei + Lwisc,n+ Linuche Haeckel. Similar to Nausilhoc, but with sac-like gastric 



pouches upon the subumbrella. 



Genus PALEPHYRA Haeckel, i88o. 



Ephyra+ Palephyra + Zonephyra, Haeckel, i88o, Syst. der Medusen, pp. 481-484, 641. 



Palephyra, Vanhoefen, 1902, Wissen. Ergeb. deutsch. Tiefsee Eipedilion, Dampfer faldivia, Bd. 3, Lfg. I, p. v iqoS 

 deutsche Siidpolar Expedition, Bd. Id, Zool. 2, p. 38. 1 j > ^ > 



The type species is Palephyra antigtta Haeckel, from the Red Sea. 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Coronatae, with 8 adradi 



marginal sense- 



tentacles, 8 (4 perradial and 4 interradial] 

 organs, 16 lappets, and 4 interradial gonads. 



This genus is related to Nausithoe, but is more prim- 

 itive in that there are but 4 interradial instead of 8 adradial 

 genital organs as in Nausithoe. Indeed, in Nausithoe 

 itself the gonads begin to develop in the 4 interradii, but 

 later they divide and migrate into the 8 adradii. 



Haeckel distinguished three genera of medusa; with 

 8 tentacles, 8 sense-organs, 16 lappets and 4 interradial 

 gonads: (l) Ephyra, without lappet-pouches; (2) Pale- 

 phyra, with 8 cleft lappet-pouches in the ocular radii; 

 (3) Zonephyra, with 16 cleft lappet-pouches in the rho- 

 palar and tentacular radii. Haeckel, however, cut no 

 sections and his ideas of the structure of the ^astric 

 cavity are probably erroneous. His Ephyra is apparently 

 only an immature stage of Palephyra, which is in turn 

 identical with Zonephyra. 

 "Zonephyra corona" Agassiz and Mayer, 1902 (Mem. Museum Comp. Zool. at Harvard 

 College, vol. 26, p. 157), is apparently a young Pelagia. 



Palephyra antiqua Haeckel. 



Ephyra prometor (young medusa), Haeckel, i8So, Syst. der Medusen, p. 482, taf. 27, f5gn. I, 2. 

 Palephyra pnmigenia (h.ilf-grown medusa), Haeckel, Ibid., p. 483, taf. 27, fign. 3-6. 

 PeUphyra antiqua (adult [ r] medusa), Haeckel, Ibid., p. 484. 



Bell 20 mm. wide, 8 mm. high. Coronal furrow and pedalia ( ?), 8 adradial tentacles 

 about half as long as bell-radius. 8 sense-organs; i6 spatula-shaped, sharply pointed lappets, 

 half as long as bell-radius. A long 4-sided oesophagus with folded, recurved lips. 4 inter- 

 radial gonads divided in the 4 perradii; each gonad crescent-shaped with the horns recurved. 

 6 to 8 slender gastric cirri in each interradius. 



Tropical Indian Ocean near Madagascar. 



Haeckel describes that which I take to be the young of this medusa as Ephyra {Archephyra) 

 prometor from the coast of Australia. It is only 8 mm. wide and has 4 simple, interradial, 



Fig. 348.— "f^/ijyTrf pTometor^'' After 

 Haeckel, in Das Syst. der Medusen. 



