636 



MEDUS.« OF THE "WORLD. 



Toreuma dieuphila. 



Caaiopfa Jieuphila, P£ron et LrsutiR, 1809, Annal du Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, tome 14, p. 356. 



Casiiopea theophila, de Lamarck, 1816, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., tome 2, p. 511. 



Rhizosloma thfophila, Eschscholtz, 1829, Syst. der Acalcphcn, p. 53. 



Polyclomia theophUa, Agassiz, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., voL 4, p. 159. 



Toreuma theophiia+T. thamnostoma+T. gegenbauri, Haeckel, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, pp. 566, 567, 645. 



It is probable that Haeckel's T. ^'thamnostoma** and **T. gegenbauri*^ are only growth- 

 stages of Peron and Lesucur's '' Cassiopea^' dieuphila. I therefore present the descriptit)ns 

 of the three forms side by side in order that they may readily be compared. Haeckel enjoyed 

 the opportunity of studying Peron and Lesueur's original specimen preserved in Paris. 



Diameter of bell in 

 mm. 



Shape of bell. 



Number of marginal 

 lappets. 



Length of mouth- 

 arms in terms of 

 bell-radius (r). 



Number of branches 

 of each mouth-arm ■ 



Appendages upon 

 mouth-arms, be- 

 ttt'cen mouths. 



Color. 



Where found. 



Toreuma dieuphila = Cassiopea 

 dieuphila Peron and Lesueur. 



60 to 80 



Hemispherical (contracted r) 

 Exumbrella with coarse warts, 



96. In each octant 10 short, 

 rectangular, velar, and 2 very 

 small, ocular lappets. 



Less than r long (contracted ?) 



6 to 8 wide, 6at, main side- 

 branches. 



Numerous small, and 10 to 20 

 large, club-shaped vesicles. 



Bell brownish-red, with white 



spots on the lappets. Gonads 

 and clubs white. 



Northwest coast of Australia, 

 in the Indian Ocean. 



Toreuma "gegenbauri" Haeckel. 



60 



Flatter than a hemisphere, without 

 papilla.'. 



80. In each octant 8 short, rec- 

 tangular, velar, and 2 very small, 

 ocular lappets. 



1 to o. 5 r long. 



8 to 12 flattened main side- 

 branches. 



Numerous small clubs and a very 

 large one at base of each arm, 

 half as long as arm itself. 



Bell brown ( ?) An elongated, 

 while spot upon lappet. 



Tropical Indian Ocean. 



Toreuma "thamnostoma" Haeckel 



90 



Flatter than a hemisphere. Exum- 

 brella with small warts. 



120 to 160. In each octant 14 to 18 

 short, rectangular, velar, and 2 very 

 small ocular lappets. 



Nearly 2 r long. 



12 to 16 cylindrical, main side- 

 branches. 



Numerous club-shaped vesicles. 

 Smoother than in T. dieuphila, 

 and not longer than width of mar- 

 ginal lappets. (Large clubs lost?) 



Bell dark-brown with numerous 

 white spots. Abaxial surface of 

 arms yellowish-brown. Clubs 

 white. 



Indian Ocean. 



Genus CASSIOPEA P€ron and Lesueur, 1809. 



Caaiopeoy Peron et Lesueur, 1809, Ann. du Mus. Hij,i. Nat. Paris, tome 14, genre 24, p. 356. — Eschscholtz, 1829, Syst. 

 der Acal., p. 42.— Tilesius, 1834, Acad. Caes. Leop. Nova. Acta., torn. 15, p. 256. — Brandt, 1838, Mem. Acad. Imperiale 

 desSci., St.Petersbourg, Sci.Nat., ser.6, tomc4,p.396. — Gtppv, i883,Nature, vol.27, p. 31 (habits). — von Lendenfeld, 

 i884,Proc.Linnean Soc. New South Wales, vol.9, P-284. — Claus, 1883, Organisation und Entwick. der Medusen, p. 60. — 

 CoL.\SANTi, 1886, Atti Acad. Med. Roma, Anno. 12, 18 pp. (blue color). — Agassiz ano Mayer, 1S99, Bull. Mus. Comp. 

 Zool.at Harvard College, vol. 32, p. 175. — Keller, C, i883,Zeit. fiir wissen.Zool., Bd. 38, p. 632.— Browne, 1905, Fauna 

 and Gcog. Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, vol. 2, p. 966. — Maas, 1903, Scyphonu-dusen der Sthoga Expedition, 

 Monog. II, pp. 38, 80. — ScHL'LTZE, L. S., 1898, Abhandl, Senckenberg. Gescll., Bd. 24, Heft. 2, p. 163. 



Cassiopta + polyclonia, AcAsstz, L., 1862, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. S., vol. 4, pp. 159, 155, 159.— Perkins, 1908, Papers from Tortugas 

 Laboratory' of Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Publication 102, p. 150. 



PolyclQnia+ Caaiopea, Haeckel, 1880, Syst. der Medusen, pp. 567, 568. 



The type species is Medusa audromrda ForskSl, called C. jorskalca liy Peron and Lesueur 

 { = C, androtneda, Eschscholtz) of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. The first species des- 

 cribed by Peron and Lesueur, 1809, is called Cassiopea dieuphila, Haeckel, 1880, however, 

 places this in the genus Toreuma, 



GENERIC CHARACTERS. 



Rhtzostomata pmtiata with 8 (4 pairs of) adradial, complexly branched mouth-arms 

 the lower or ventral surfaces of which bear numerous mouth-openings and vesicles. There 

 are 4 gonads and 4 separate subgenital cavities. There are more than 8 marginal sense- 

 organs and twice as many radial-canals as sense-organs. The radial-canals are placed in 

 communication one w^ith another by means of an anastomosing network of vessels. A definite 

 ring-canal may or may not be present. 



