RHIZOSTOM^ — CASSIOPEA. 639 



spots and i6 large ones, 96 in all. Mouth-arms olive-green to reddish-brown, spotted 

 with white. 



This East Indian species ranges from the Red Sea to Sumatra, giving rise to a number 

 of color varieties and local races, many of which have been described as distinct species. 

 Keller, 1888, records its having wandered into the Suez Canal from the Red Sea. Hartlaub 

 gives a good description of this species from Djibuti, East Africa. 



Cassiopea andromeda var. zanzibarica Chun. 

 Cmsiopea andromeda var. zanziharica, Chun, 1896, Mittheil, Naturhistorischen Museum, Hamburg, Bd. 13, p. 17. 



This resembles C. anJromeJa in most respects, being 40 to 90 mm. in diameter and with 

 a flat disk. But it is said to be distinguished from C. anJroiueJa by having 6 velar and 2 

 ocular lappets between each successive pair of sense-organs instead of 5 lappets as in the typical 

 C. andromeda. The 5 large clubs or filaments of the arm-disk are also larger than in C. andro- 

 meda, being 10 mm. long. The color is also different, but quite variable. The exumbrella is 

 usual!)- brownish-red with 16 to 17 smok\-gray or white radial streaks, which commence at the 

 outer edge of the central concavit)' of the exumbrella and fork over the lappets. Some speci- 

 mens have 3 white spots over the velar lappets between each successive pair of sense-organs. 

 Mouth-arms light whitish-red beset with small brownish-white clubs. The large central fila- 

 ments are black. Zanzibar coast, July to August. This is certainly identical with C. andromeda. 



Cassiopea andromeda var. malayensis Maas. 



Cassiopeja andromeda var. malayensisy Maas, 1903, Scyphomedusen der Siboga Expedition, Monog. 1 1, pp. 40, 43; taf. 4, fign. 

 24-25,27-29,31-34; taf. u, iign. 98, 102; taf. 12, fig. 112. 



This medusa is said to be distinguished by having i, 3, 5, 7, or more velar lappets between 

 each pair of ocular lappets. Mouth-arms are slightly shonerthan bell-radius and compressed 

 dorso-ventrally. A few large, isolated, club-shaped appendages are between the frilled mouths, 

 but these are not commonly found upon all of the mouth-arms. Indeed, there are usually 

 only 2 to 3 of these large clubs upon the mouth-arms of any individual medusa. The umbrella 

 may become more than 200 mm. in diameter, although such large specimens are rare. There 

 are normally 16 small, marginal sense-organs, each containing an entodermal concretion and 

 a distal pigment spot. Young medusae have about 32 ocular and 16 velar lappets, but as 

 growth proceeds the velar lappets increase by division so as to become 3, 5, 7, or more times 

 as many as in the young medusa. The mouth-arms are compressed dorso-ventrally, those 

 of C. acyclohbia laterally. They branch quite irregularly, in a tree-like manner. 



Both male and female medusae are described by Maas, who records numerous examples 

 ranging from 10 to 200 or more millimeters in diameter. The medusa appears to be widely 

 distributed among the islands of the Malay Archipelago. Color ( ?) It is evidently identical 

 with C. andromeda. 



Cassiopea andromeda var. maldivensis. 

 Cassiopea andromeda var. maldivensis^ Browne, 1905, Fauna and Geog. Maldive and Laccadive .Archipelagoes, vol. 2, p. 962. 



The disk is about 75 mm. wide with a central concavity on the exumbrella. The mar- 

 ginal sense-organs range from 12 to 19 but are usually about 16. The marginal lappets are 

 very indistinct and range from about 7 to 10 between each successive pair of sense-organs. 



There are 4 pairs of complexly branching mouth-arms which project slightly beyond the 

 umbrella margin. The proximal branches of the mouth-arms are generally alternate m 

 position, while those of the outer branches are generally dichotomous. There are numerous 

 disk-shaped, flat, spatula-like appendages over the mouth-arms. These are adjacent to the 

 oscula. There are also cylindrical or somewhat flattened linear appendages and hand-shaped 

 appendages, which are almost leaf-like and may be 25 mm. long and 9 mm. wide. There 

 are not more than 5 to 6 of these cylindrical or hand-shaped appendages on each of the 8 

 mouth-arms. At the center of the mouth-arm disk there is a single long appendage which 

 may either be cylindrical or hand-shaped. 



The 4 subgenital ostia are very small and triangular in shape, about 3 mm. wide. The 

 gonads are similar to those of Cassiopea xamachana. The peripheral canal-system consists 



