lUnZOSTOM/E^CATOSTYLUS. 



065 



Among characters oi minor importance, the marginal /one of circular muscles in the 

 subumbrella is only partially interrupted in the 8 principal radii. There is an exumhrella 

 pit with radiating furrows above each sense-club. 



Vanhoffen, 1902, shows that Haeckel's Cr<mihcssa and Toxoclytus are identical and 

 must be merged. The only possible distinction appears to be that in Toxodyius there are 4 

 separate genital sacs, whereas in Cramhcssa there is a unitary, cruciform genital cavity. 



Catostylus is very closely allied to Lychnorhlza and Cranibir)}i(\ being distinguished solely 

 by having neither filaments nor clubs upon the mouth-arms. 



Haeckel's Cratnhessa is equivalent to the genera (^atostvlus, Toxoclvtus, and Rlutiopilns 

 of L. Agassiz, 1862. The name Catostylus takes precedence over all of the others, and 1 laeckel 

 should have used this name instead of inventing a new one. 



The lower ends of the mouth-arms of C. orsini and C. stuhluumn'i are de\oid of frilled 

 mouths and the extremity is blunt, triangular, and naked. 



Medus:e ot Caiosiylus are otten found in brackish or muddy harbors. They are often 

 infested with commensal plant-cells which may give them a peculiar opaque yellow-brown 

 coloration as in C. wosaictis in certain parts of Australia; for von Lendenfeld finds that in the 

 harbor of Melbourne the medusa is not infested with plant-cells and is deep cobalt-blue in 

 color, whereas in the harbor ot Sydney it is infested and is opacjue, light yelk)W-brown. I have 

 also seen a swarm of these cobalt-blue medusae in Brisbane Harbor, Queensland. 



It is possible, as VanhofFen surmises, that '' Ccphca'^ duhrcudlii Reynaud (1830, Lesson's 

 Centurie Zoologique, p. 75, planche 23) may be a Catostylus, but the description and plate 

 are so unsatistactor\' that I think knowledge will be advanced b)' dropping the species. It 

 comes from Pondichery, Indian Ocean. 



Catostylus is abundant in the Indo-Pacific region, but only 2 or 3 species are known 

 from the Atlantic coasts of Africa and southern Europe, and not one has been found in North 



Synopsis of the Forms of Catostylus. 



Diameter of bcU 

 in mm. 



Shape of bell, and 

 character of ex- 

 umbrella surface 



Number of lappet: 

 in each octant of 

 bell-margin. 



Length of mouth- 

 arms in terms of 

 bell-radius (r) 



Length of 5-wing- 

 ed, pointed, lower 

 end of each arm 

 in terms of length 

 of simple, cylin- 

 drical, upper part 

 of arm. 



Color. 



Where found. 



C. cruciatus. 



120 to 150 



Hemispherical, with 

 deep radiating fur 

 rows. 



Six; 4 large triangu- 

 lar velar, 2 very 

 small ocular. 



to 0.5 



Bell yellowish-white. 

 Gonads and ring- 

 canal rose-red, or 

 with bluish-white 

 bell, deep blue lap- 

 pets, and red 

 mouth-frills. 



Coast of Brazil, 

 harbor of Rio de 

 Janeiro. 



C. palmipes. 



64 



Hemispherical, with 

 fine granulations. 



Eight; 6 large square 

 velar, and 2 oval 

 ocular, 



r± 



Northern coast of 

 Australia to Am- 

 boina. 



C. tagi. 



500 



Flatter than a hemi- 

 sphere with dendri- 

 tically branching 

 furrows. 



Ten; 4 pairs of large, 

 triangular velar, 

 and 2 small, point- 

 ed ocular. 



3 to 4 



Opalescent yellow or 

 bluish-white. Some' 

 times brown. 

 Ridges of exum- 

 hrella purple- 

 brown. Gonads 

 yellowish. 



In harbors from 

 Portugal to Sene- 

 gambia, Africa. 



C. pictonum 

 C. tagi ( ?). 



With regularly rec- 

 tangular elevations 

 bordered by fur- 

 rows. 



Ten; 4 pairs of large 

 triangular velar, 

 and 2 small, pointed 

 ocular. 



3 to 4 r 



Yellowish or opales- 

 cent greenish- 

 white, rarely 

 reddish-yellow. 

 Gonads greenish or 

 yellow. 



Brittany, Atlantic 

 coast of France, 

 August. 



I 



. mosaicus. 



350 



Nearly hemispheri- 

 cal, covered with 

 coarse granulations 



Variable, about 16 

 oval, long, all sim- 

 ilar each to each. 



1 to 0.5 



Bell and arms yel- 

 lowish-white. 

 Opaque. Some- 

 times coball-blue. 



East coast of Aus- 

 tralia, Brisbane to 

 Melbourne. In 

 large swarms in 

 harbors. 



