6 MADREPORARIA. 



genus Bydyarma which he placed among the Poritids. It is here discussed on p. 30. 

 In many other treatises he described new species of Lit]iarcea{Goniopora) and Pontes, but could 

 not clearly distinguish the one genus from the other, for most of his Pontes are true Gonioporm. 

 In 1875, Milaschewitch in his continuation of Dr. Becker's account of the Corals of the 

 Natheim Strata,* adopted Milne-Edwards and Haime's system, but increased the number of 

 genera of their Poritinte to 22. These were said to fall into three groups. 



In the first, the pores in the septa are in straight rows — Thamnastraeacese. 

 In the second, pores in no definite order — Gonioporacese. 

 In the third, the septa are only spines — Alveoporaceae. 



This method of grouping on mere texture of the septa alone, without regard to the 

 morphology of the calicle as a whole, is, as we shall see, quite untenable. 



In 1879, two posthumous papers from the pen of Briiggemann appeared. Though both 

 are purely systematic and the principles of the classification are not analysed, yet we gather 

 from the order adopted, that he had not arrived at any definite opinion as to the position of the 

 Poritidfe. In one f we have three families, Madreporidse, Poritidse, and Montiporidae, and in 

 the other % {Madrepora), Montipora, Turhinaria, Pontes, Synarwa, and Psammocora ranged 

 together as genera under the Madreporidse. 



In his MS. catalogue of the British Museum corals, he, like Prof Verrill, rejected the 

 genus Neoporites D. and M. 



In the same year, Dr. Klunzinger § placed the Poritidse between the Madreporidse and 

 Turbinaridce, thus unfortunately separating Turhinaria and Astrceopora from the Madreporidse 

 (see Introduction, Vol. II.). In Dr. Klunzinger's description of the family it is stated that the 

 caUcles are joined by walls, not by coenenchyma (except in Synarcea). For a criticism of this 

 statement see below, p. 19. 



Dr. Klunzinger very rightly abolished the Poritid sub-family Montiporinse M.-E. and H. 

 (for the Madreporid sub-family Montiporinse see Vol. III. of this Catalogue), and 

 removed Coscinarma. On the other hand, he retained Alvcopora and Synarcea (which he placed 

 at the opposite extreme of the family from Porites). He further revived a genus Stylarcea 

 which had been established but suppressed again in the same year by Milne-Edwards and 

 Haime ; this will be discussed in Vol, V. 



In 1878 II Dr. Studer adopted the following classification. The family Madreporidse 

 was divided into three sub-families, Madreporinse, Poritinse (the genera mentioned being 

 Porites, Synarcea, and Goniopora) and Montiporinse, But in 1880,11 the same author found the 

 following two families sufiBcient, the Madreporidse — which now rightly included Montipora — 

 and the Poritidse with Rhodarcea and Alvcopora added to the list of the genera. 



In 1882, Pratz,** following Milaschewitch, made a still more thorough investigation of the 



* Palseontographica, xxi. p. 217, j Corals of Rodriguez, Phil. Trans., clxviii. p. 569. 



I Journ. d. Mus. Godefroy, v. p. 201. § Korallenthiere d. rothen Meeres, ii. p. 39. 



II MB Akad. Berlin, p. 524. f Mitth. Naturf. Gas. Bern, p. 22. 



** Palseontographica, xxix. p. 83. 



