106 . MADREPORARIA. 



81. Goniopora Egypt (3)2- 



[Wadi-i:amlieh in tlie Arabian Desert, Middle Egypt (" ober-Tertiiiren Schicliten "), 

 coll. Schweinfurth ; Berlin Museum.] 



Lithanm rudis, J. Felix {'no,, Reuss), Zeiisch. d. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellschaff, xxxvi. (1884) p. 446. 



Description.— Gorallnm massive, lobed (" knollit; ") with surface more or less convex. 



The calicles 5-7 mm. across, moderately deep and of irregular polygonal outline. Wall 

 rather liigh, simple, sharp, and thus the calicles are not separated by much reticular mural 

 tissue. Three well-developed cycles, and sometimes a fourth incomplete cycle. A more or less 

 woll de\'eloped reticular columellar tangle. 



Dr. Felix had tliree specimens which were badly weathered but admitted of compaiisou 

 with several specimens of the coral called by Reuss Litharcca rudis (see p. 110, G. Vicevza 6) 

 which were in the Berlin Museum. One of the special features in Reuss' coral is the extra- 

 ordinary development of the synapticulne, which is not mentioned by Dr. Felix. 



The same writer mentions the occurrence of Porites ramosa Cat., which was a Goniopore, 

 in other localities in Egypt in Lower Tertiary beds. 



82. Goniopora Egypt (3)3- 



[Dungul Wells, in the desert, N.L. 23° 30' and a little south of Silsileh on the Nile, about 

 24° 40' (Lower Eocene), coll. Geol. Survey Egypt ; duplicates in the British Museum.] 



Litharaa epithecaia, Gregory (mm Duncan), Geol. Mag. (1898), p. 250, pi. viii. 7 and ix. 6. 



Ihere seem to have been several specimens grouped under the survey nuniliers 30() 

 (? number of .specimens), 165 (2 specimens), 176 (? specimens), and 183 (? specimens) ; 

 the first group from Dungul Wells, and the other three from near Silsileh. They all seem to 

 have had the same primitive method of growth on a circular epithecal plate, and on thi.s 

 account Dr. Gregory called them all L. epithccata — which was Duncan's name for a Sind fossil 

 with the same primitive form of growth. But as this growth-form can reappear at any time 

 with very different types of caUcles, the specific name ipifhecaf.a is merely a snare. 



Duplicate specimens of the Egyptian Survey Nos. 165 and 306, and one .slide of No. 183 

 are in the British Museum. From these we gather that the calicles seem to be about 4-5 nun. 

 across (Nos. 306, 105, 183), are deep in specimen No. 183, see I.e. pi. viii. fig. 7 (though 

 the specimens are too altered to give any idea of the original depth). The walls are shown 

 thin and membranous in Dr. Gregory's pi. ix. fig. 6 which was taken from part of No. 30(3, but 

 in the duplicate of that number in the British Museum Collection, which is a cast, the walls 

 appear to have been ratlier thick. 



The septa are thin in all the duplicates and in the last quoted figure. 



The columellar tangle is large and reticular in the two duplicate specimens and it is 

 indicated as such in the figure above quoted. The interseptal loculi were large and open. 



Dr. Gregory divided the specimens into two groups, one slightly convex and the other 

 hemispherical, corresponding with Duncan's L. epithccata and var. licmisiohcrica. As above 



