110 MADREi>OltAi;iA. 



apparently working with specimens which he merely thought might be specifically identical 

 with Catullo's coral ! 



Martm Duncan specially mentioned the " Porif.es viicnuUha " of Reuss as allied to liis 

 "P. mdica" from Sind, but on what ground he did not state. We may note that the Sind 

 Goniopore (see p. 94) has no trace whatever of the wavy septa wliich is the special character- 

 istic of this coral from Vicenza. 



88. Goniopora Vicenza (13)6 • 



[Crosara, near Marostico, Vicenza (Oligocene) ; several specimens in the 



Berlin Museum.] 



Litharipn nulls, Reuss, Denksch. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxix. (1869) p. 251, pi. xxvii. fig. 2. 



Description. — Corallum smoothly or irregularly convex. 



Calicles deep and 4 "5-6 mm. across, irregularly polygonal. Walls as tall, simple ridges, 

 not specially zigzag, with rough, irregiilarly granular or bluntly echinulate edges. Septa 24-30, 

 somewhat thick, with granular edges and perforated with numerous rounded holes ; six of them 

 are frequently prominent. Synapticulre, in all stages of formation, often unite the septa. The 

 columella is neither large nor small .and rises at the surface into paliform knobs (" papillae"). 



The septa in this coral, instead of being twisted into a reticulum, are joined by multitudes 

 of synapticulte ; both methods produce a kind of grating over the mouth of the fossa. See 

 remarks on tlie Paris Basin specimens p. 146. 



The blunt echinulations which project from the edges of the walls are the lieginnings of 

 the septa, and the thin wall is hardly continuous enough to be either threadlike, zigzag, or 

 wavy ; it seems at the edges to be composed of the liroad bases of the septal points. 



This specimen is very interesting, because of the high walls. It is common enough iu 

 fossil Gonioporm to find the walls raised, but unless one can be certain that the original surface 

 has been preserved, this character cannot be trusted. The only clear case of high walls among 

 the fossil Gonioporm in the National Collection is that of the specimen received as Litlmrcea 

 destioycrd M.-E. & H. from Hauteville (see p. 143). Cf. also G. Eyypt 'i which had other points of 

 .similarity with this coral, e.g. large calicles. On this last feature cf. G. Sind "2, called by 

 Duncan "grandis" on accoiint of the great size of the caUcles, althougli the septa were not 

 increased in numl^er as they are said to be in Reuss' coral here descriljed. 



89. Goniopora Vicenza (i3)7' 



[Crosara, near Marostico, where it is present in such quantities that many of the 

 layers are almost composed of it (Oligocene).] 



Pontes ramosa, Reuss, Denksch. K. Ak. Wiss. Wien, xxix. (1869) p. 250, pi. xxvi. figs. 1-3 ; 

 pi. xxvii. fig. 1. 



Description. — Corallum rises in tliick, irregular, nearly cylindrical columns wliich divide at 

 small angles ; the double columns thus formed secondarily fuse together. The tops of the 



