112 MADREPORAKIA. 



their upper edges are covered with sharp denticulntions and the sides witli pointed granules ; 

 seen from above they have a tapering moniliform appearance (see footnote below) ; perforations 

 small and only in the " middle parts." 



The pali show the regular number (6) and form typical of this genus (see p. 21, Intro- 

 duction) as radially flattened grains, ^vith a slightly flattened columellar tubercle (sometimes 

 broken into 2-3). Below the surface the septa join a rather dense, spongy columellar tangle 

 and sometimes meet and fuse on the way. 



■ Tliis is one of the cases in which we have to deal with an uncertain locality, see Introduc- 

 tion, p. 35. We assume that the description and ligures refer to the specimens from S. (_Uov. 

 Ilarione, but of course we cannot be sure. The simple facts are that Eeuss had Gonioporoe 

 from this locality and from Ron^a, and that he thought them to belong to the same " species " 

 because of their similarity. In view of the uniform excellence of Reuss' work he was probably 

 correct, but in conformity with the method of presenting the corals adopted in this catalogue, 

 we have to fall back upon the bare facts. We accordingly record a Goniopora from S. Giov. 

 Ilarione, and another from Eonja, and we gi\'e the description, wliich with many authors 

 would have been founded on both corals and therefore worthless, under the first named 

 locality. 



D'Achiardi had already descrilDcd a form from S. Giov. Ilarione, and Reuss thought that 

 his might be the same ; but, as Reuss points out, there are serious doubts, for although 

 D'Achiardi's specimen was very perfectly preserved he says nothing about the paH, structures 

 which though typical of Goniopora, are rarely seen so well preserved as they were in Reuss' 

 specimens : cf his fig. 9rt. 



The peculiar moniliform* septa shown in Reuss' figure evidently led Martin Duncan to 

 give tills same name to a badly preserved fossil coral from Sind. As Duncan's coral has 

 only 12 septa it is here regarded as a true Porites, and will be recorded in Vol. V. 



91. Goniopora Vicenza (i3)9- 



[S. Giov. Ilarione ; Middle Eocene.] 



Litharaia sp., Reuss, Denksch., K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxxiii. (1874) p. 18. 



Description. — Calicles 3-3 • 5 mm. aci'oss, polygonal, " moderately deep." Thin reticular 

 walls [" spiirliches Ccenenchym "]. Septa thin and much perforated. Columella poorly 

 developed. 



This is all Reuss says of another true Goniopora from this locality. It was unfortunately 

 badly preserved. Its presence, however, as a form quite distinct from that named P.picllegrinii 

 by Reuss, and in manner of growth differing from that called P. pellcgrinii by D'Achiardi in 

 1867, shows that the genus was well represented in this district. 



* On the probable post-mortem origin of this character in fossils, see footnote, p. 22. 



