XXX CHARLES OTIS WHITMAN 
to enlist the cooperation of colleges and universities throughout 
the country and.to provide for research and instruction in biology. 
The location of the Laboratory was also fixed and the first build- 
ing erected at Woods Hole. Although the incorporators were all 
residents of Boston, yet they had provided for a national organ- 
ization by offering each institution invited to cooperate the privi- 
lege of naming five members each of the Corporation during the 
term of cooperation. Apparently, Professor Whitman had noth- 
ing to do with the original statement of these principles, but 
after his appointment as director, at least, he became their chief 
exponent and developed them to a much greater extent than the 
original incorporators had intended, so that the Corporation soon 
came to have a large and nation-wide membership, and the Board 
of Trustees was enlarged to include 12 members in 1890, 17 in 
1892, and 21 in 1895. The membership of the Corporation grew 
by leaps and bounds, and rapidly became representative of the 
entire country, as the practice was followed for some years of 
inviting all who worked at the Laboratory to become members. 
The attendance at the Laboratory was 17 in 1888, 44 in 1889, 
47 in 1890, 71 in 1891, 110 in 1892, 199 in 1895; and the number 
of institutions represented was 13 in 1888, 29 in 1889, 32 in 1890, 
31 in 1891, 52 in 1892 and 85 in 1895. 
The early years of the Laboratory were years of great pros- 
perity; to accommodate the growing tide of workers an L was 
added to the original building in 1890; in 1892 a building equal to 
the original Laboratory in size was added to form the third side 
of a quadrangle, and two separate buildings, one for botany and 
another for a lecture hall and research rooms were added by 1896. 
Whitman’s part during this period of rapid material develop- 
ment was to furnish the spirit and develop the ideals of the 
institution. It is obvious that the idea of cooperation had a pri- 
mary practical significance in the minds of the original trustees, 
to secure support for the new institution. Though he did not 
lose sight of its practical significance, the idea of cooperation was 
transformed by Whitman into an ideal of a scientific democracy, 
which furnished a motive for loyalty and devotion such as rarely, 
if ever, existed in a scientific enterprise, so that the development 
