liv CHARLES OTIS WHITMAN 
Much attention is given to the description and illustration of 
the complex color patterns and, although Whitman perceived 
that in each species all patterns are variants of a single fundamen- 
tal one, the structural basis underlying them in the arrangement 
of the muscles and other organs was left to be discovered by his 
student Arnold Graf, whose tragic end at Woods Hole, Professor 
Whitman so keenly felt. 
The discovery of the neurology of eyes and sensillae was fully 
elaborated and the structure of these organs minutely described. 
They were compared to the lateral sense organs of the Capitelli- 
dae and the lateral line organs of fishes. The precise determina- 
tion of the limits and composition of the somites that his method 
required, led Professor Whitman to the formulation of definite 
views regarding the nature and history of the metameres, namely: 
1. That the neural or sensory annulus is the first of the 
somite. 
2. That each ganglion of the central nervous system supplies 
the first three rings of one somite and the last two rings of the 
immediately preceding somites or equivalent portions of somites 
having less than five rings, and consequently that there is a 
lack of correlation between definite neuromerism and defin- 
itive metamerism. 
3. That the quinque-annulate or typical complete somite of 
the middle region is primitive; and that there is a progressive 
reduction or abbreviation of the somites toward the ends of the 
body that is correlated with specialization in other respects. 
It must not be understood that Whitman neglected the internal 
anatomy. On the contrary he was assiduous in the dissection 
and description of the several organ systems, but except in the case 
of the nervous system, he added comparatively little to our knowl- 
edge. 
In a later largely controversial article “Some New Facts about 
the Hirudinea,’ written in reply to criticism, Whitman forcibly 
reasserts his views and brings many new facts to their support. 
In this paper his strong leaning toward the annelid theory of the 
origin of vertebrates, to which reference is frequently made in 
later papers, is indicated. He also extends his former opinion 
