ORGANS FOR SPERM-TRANSFER 281 
It was then easy to get males to begin conjugation when the 
accessory stylets had been removed from both sides. ‘Three 
such males made conjugation experiments with several females, 
successively, but in no case was there an evidence that the annu- 
lus had been filled by these mutilated males, through in one case 
the union lasted for eight and one-halfhours. Inthese attempted 
conjugations it was not evident how the absence of the second 
stylet prevented perfect sperm transfer. In one case the male 
let fall three or four sperm masses, or pseudo-spermatophores, 
about 1 mm. long on the telson of the female but it was not deter- 
mined how this happened. Apparently this was from failure to 
have a close union at the orifice, which would lead one to think 
the failure due to absence of the triangle that normally holds the 
papilla tight to the orifice. But the failure may have been due to 
the absence of piston like movements of the radius. More expe- 
riments should show what the uses of the different parts of the 
triangle really are. 
HOW THE SPERM IS FORCED ALONG THE TUBULE OF THE STYLET 
The adjustment of the papillae, whose anatomy has been des- 
cribed, to the stylets must now be considered in order to appreciate 
the final use of the stylet. 
As seen in fig. 1, the papilla juts out toward the median plane 
so far that it can be placed across the narrowest part of the first 
stylet where the notch is (fig. m1); that is across the dorsal face 
of the first stylet. But its tip turns abruptly inward far enough 
to reach along the median face (fig. 11) as far as the orifice, into 
which its tip fits. In figs. 30, 31, this position of the papilla is 
crudely represented; in reality the tensely swollen translucent 
spout is very nicely applied to the rounded faces of the entrance 
to the groove. The papilla is seen in this position when the 
triangle is receded (fig. 31) and in the advance of the triangle its 
tip becomes concealed, but it doubtless remains as before. 
Returning to the actions of the combined stylets which embrace 
the papillze we note certain ‘tamping’ movements. Besides the 
advance and recession of the second stylet along the first, the first 
and second together when locked, are seen to execute quick jerks 
