556 VICTOR E. SHELFORD 
ticular species of tiger beetles, and (b) those related to the entire 
group of animals inhabiting a given environmental complex. 
II. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF 
PARTICULAR SPECIES OF TIGER BEETLES 
A. MATERIAL: GENERAL HABITS 
The tiger beetles are graceful, predatory, swift-flying insects, 
whose bright colors and great variability have long been familiar. 
The following general account of habits applies to all the species 
especially considered here. The life-histories consist of the egg, 
three larval stages, the pupa and the adult. When the beetles 
Fig. 1 From left to right—the ventral, side, and dorsal view of the ovipositor 
of Cicindela purpurea with segments numbered. Three times natural size. 
Fig.2 The egg of C. purpurea in position in the hole in the ground made by the 
ovipositor. One and one-half times natural size. 
Fig. 3. The egg. Three and one-half times natural size. 
emerge from the pupal stage in summer, they are not sexually 
mature. Many species hibernate during the winter following 
emergence. Hibernating species (Shelford, ’08), reach sexual 
maturity after several warm days of spring. Previous to sexual 
maturity, the animals are in a different physiological state than 
when sexually mature, and they accordingly behave differently, 
congregate in different places, and never attempt to use the ovi- 
positor. 
