PHYSIOLOGICAL ANIMAL GEOGRAPHY 557 
1. Copulation and egg-laying 
The beetles copulate on warm days, especially when the atmos- 
pheric humidity is high. The eggs are laid in small vertical holes, 
7 to 10 mm. deep, made by the ovipositor (figs. 1, 2 and 3). 
2. The larva and pupa 
The larva, which on hatching excavates a vertical, cylindrical 
burrow in the position of the ovipositor hole, is elongated, yellow- 
ish, and grub-like, with a number of brown spots on each abdom- 
inal segment, and with a dark-colored, strongly chitinized head 
and prothorax of unusual form. The head bears two pairs of 
large ocelli on the outer border of the upper surface, two pairs of 
small ones on the lower surface immediately below them (figs. 4 
and 5). The mandibles, instead of extending downward or for- 
Fig.4 The larva, side view; h, hooks. Three times natural size. 
Fig. 5 The anterior half of the larva; an, antennae; mp, maxillary palp; m, 
mandible; o, ocelli. Three times natural size. 
ward as is usual in insects, are curved upward, and when closed, 
overlap above the anterior end of the clypeus. The lower side 
of the head is somewhat hemispherical, the upper side flattened, 
and, with the appendages, almost semicircular in outline. The 
prothorax is semicircular, flattened above, and projects at the 
sides. Taken together, the head and prothorax form nearly a 
circle. The meso- and metathorax and abdomen are soft and 
fleshy. On the dorsal side of the fifth abdominal segment is a 
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL. 22, No.3 
