508 VICTOR E. SHELFORD 
hump-like outgrowth which bears a pair of long, curved, anteriorly 
directed hooks (A, fig. 4), a pair of short vertical spines, and many 
strong bristles. The last two abdominal segments are also 
armed with strong bristles. 
In moving up and down in the burrow the larva uses the dorsal 
hump, the legs, and the last abdominal segments. The animal 
turns around in the burrow by bending the anterior part of the 
body dorsally, and forcing the head past the dorsal side of the 
abdomen which is held in position while the anterior part is 
moved by means of the feet. When at rest in the burrow, the 
animal assumes a zigzag (Enoch, ’03) position as shown in fig. 4. 
When waiting for prey at the mouth of the burrow, the same 
general position is maintained, but the head and prothorax are 
bent at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the meso-meta- 
thorax. The legs, the vertical spines of the dorsal hump, and the 
strong bristles of the last two segments hold the animal in position. 
The head and prothorax just close the round opening and the 
mandibles are extended. If a small or medium sized insect 
pass near, the larva strikes atit with its head, by suddenly straight- 
ening the body in the region of the meso- and metathorax (Geof- 
froy, 1762), at the same instant closing the mandibles with a 
snap that can be distinctly heard, if the prey escapes them. If 
the insect caught be of small size, the larva darts backward to 
the bottom of the burrow with its prey which is devoured at 
leisure, the inedible parts being brought to the surface and cast 
out. If the prey be large (for example, a cabbage butterfly, as 
was observed by Weed, ’97), it is held at the entrance of the bur- 
row. The forward projecting hooks of the dorsal hump serve 
to prevent the butterfly from dragging the larva out of its hole, 
while its blood is being withdrawn. The pupa is of the usual 
beetle type (fig. 6). Pupation takes place in the ground. 
3.. LFfoud 
The food of both larvae and adults consists of sow-bugs, 
centipedes, spiders, dragon-flies, butterflies, beetles, flies, and 
larvae of all sorts, in fact, any small animals that come within 
