568 VICTOR E. SHELFORD 
since none of these states were mentioned in the old state records 
of early collectors, that the beetles have dispersed into this region 
with the cutting of the timber and the building of roads and rail- 
roads, which have exposed large areas of clay bank. 
There are also taxonomic difficulties and lack of knowledge of 
larval habits. No map of the distribution of the species will 
be published until we have investigated the subject further. 
It is clear, however, that the distribution area of limbalis is one 
in which moist clay banks are common. It represents the margin 
of the ice sheet, the region of extensive clay deposits which are 
being eroded rapidly, and the slope of the mountains where erosion 
is also rapid. It is closely correlated with the behavior of the 
species. Its geographic distribution appears to be determined 
by the same factors as its local distribution. 
6. Geographic variation in habits. The relations to soil and 
topography do not vary greatly geographically. The various 
races mentioned as occurring in the southern part of the range of 
the series differ sufficiently in structure and color to constitute 
subspecies in the opinion of good taxonomists. Still a number of 
observers, Messrs. Lantz, Wickham, Wolcott, Smyth, and Clover- 
dale, tell me that the adults of all are associated with clay banks. 
Near Chicago the larval life is a little more than a year, thirteen 
to fourteen months, and the adult life ten to eleven months. 
Criddle (’10) has confirmed his statement (’07) that the larval life 
lasts two years in Manitoba. The depth of larval burrows in 
Manitoba is 15 em., near Chicago, Illinois, 5-10 em.; the adult 
burrows at Aweme are 15 em.; at Chicago, in captivity, 5-8 em. 
b. Cicindela tranquebarica Herbst 
The usual color of the adults in eastern North America is brown. 
The life-history differs from that of C. limbalis in the following 
points: (1) Eggs are laid in May; (2) larvae pass the winter in 
third stage. 
1. General behavior of adults. They are a little shyer than C. 
limbalis and more difficult to capture. They start when ap- 
proached by a moving object, and when alighting, frequently 
