PHYSIOLOGICAL ANIMAL GEOGRAPHY 589 
different in behavior and habit from the beetles themselves. 
This I propose to call intermores-physiology or psychology.® 
c. Intermores-physiology. We have seen the behavior of these 
beetles when pursued, their flight, alighting only to wait for the 
moving object to come near when they start up again, the hiding 
under leaves of C. sexguttata, ete. All this is illustrative of the 
behavior which is related to forms antagonistic in behavior and 
habits. 
The study of the behavior of forms which live together in the 
same situation from the point of view of the relations of the behav- 
ior of the different species is a promising field of investigation. It 
will throw much light on the problems of psychology as well as 
ecology. 
3. The meaning of variation in habits 
We have noted geographic difference in the length of the life- 
history and the depth of the burrows. In 1908 we pointed out 
that severe conditions increase the length of the various stages. 
Criddle has noted that the larvae do not feed for a considerable 
period in the summer. ‘This accords fully with my experimental 
results on the larvae of the Chicago species They stop eeding 
and close their burrows when the soil becomes too dry, or the 
condition otherwise severe. The lengthened life-history of Man- 
itoba forms may be due to the shorter seasons and the failure of 
the larvae to feed for a considerable period. 
We pointed out also (’08) that the larvae respond to stimuli 
by deepening their burrows. The soil conditions in Manitoba 
have not been studied, but the different depths of the burrow 
under different experimental conditions is suggestive. 
The correspondence between experimental results and the dif- 
ferences in the so-called habits in the different localities suggests 
that the apparent variation in habits may be only a regulatory 
behavior response that probably would be found common to most 
individuals of the species. This could be settled by experimental 
study. 
5 Mores (Latin), ‘behavior,’ ‘customs,’ ‘habits.’ 
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL. 22, No. 3 
