ANATOMICAL ILLUSTRATION 953 
vary from an edition of 22 quarto leaves to the extensive edition 
of Berengarius, of 1521, containing 40 commentaries and 586 
leaves. The 21 illustrations in the last mentioned will be con- 
sidered under Berengarius. 
The only edition to be mentioned at present is that of Dr. 
Melerstat, printed in Leipzig about 1493-95. The book was 
published without date or indication of place. The copy in the 
Surgeon General’s library at Washington has a note saying 
that it was published, probably in Leipzig about 1498. It has 
39 leaves, including the title page, with a letterpress of 32 x 6 
inches. This was the first edition to be printed with a woodcut 
which is shown reduced in fig. 1. The original is 32 x 83 inches. 
It represents a teacher of anatomy seated and reading from a 
textbook, while, in front, his demonstrator is engaged with a 
visceral dissection. The sketch of the viscera is highly diagram- 
matic. On the table is seen the large curved knife like that ex- 
hibited in the pictures of surgical instruments of the period. 
This picture shows the method of teaching anatomy at that 
time. Often the reading was done without any subject before 
the hearers, at other times dogs and other animals were used 
for demonstration, and, on rare occasions, a human body was 
dissected in public anatomies. This picture is a type of many 
others found both in manuscripts and in early printed books. 
Sometimes in these pictures students are shown grouped around 
the dissecting table, but the teacher is always seated and reading 
from a text. The academic dress is a feature of them all and 
affords an index to the costume worn by teachers and students 
at different schools and at different periods of time. For several 
similar pictures see Choulant, Chievitz, ete. 
Ketham. (Johannis de Ketaz, etc.) The Fasciculus Medicine 
(also Medicine) of J. de Ketham is believed to be the first printed 
medical treatise to be illustrated. The first edition printed in 
Venice in 1491 contained six woodcuts and the subsequent edi- 
tions contain usually nine or ten. Prepared under various editors, 
there are several editions but they are similar as to text and 
illustrations. The book is of folio size and is a collection of 
medical writings embracing sections on the means of recognizing 
