ANATOMICAL ILLUSTRATION 957 
de Ketham, who, about a century before 1491, assembled the 
drawings and text, and, that when printed for the first time they 
bore his name, but of this we have no certain knowledge. This 
whole collection is. probably derived from earlier manuscript 
sources in French, German and Italian. 
Prior to the publication of Ketham, there was printed in 1485, 
in De proprietatibus rerum of Barthalomaeus Anglicus, a wood- 
cut of some anatomical interest. Standing in front of a walled 
garden is the figure of a man with the abdominal cavity opened 
and a very diagrammatic representation of the viscera. Within 
the garden the figure of Eve is appearing before the Lord from 
the side of the sleeping Adam. 
R. Helain. Anatomical figures on separate plates were pub- 
lished as early as 1493, the first one to appear being a representa- 
tion of the skeleton. It is probable that plates of this kind were 
exposed in barber shops and bath establishemnts, and that they 
were also purchased by medical practitioners and by the curious 
of the general public. <A cut of the earliest known picture of this 
kind is shown in fig. 3, which is copied from Wieger, although I 
have since seen a copy of the original in the library of Dr. Morti- 
mer Frank of Chicago. It is attributed to a Paris physician, 
Richard Helain, and was printed in Niirnberg in 1498. Whether 
or not it was also printed in Paris is not known. The original 
plate was 53cm. high. It seems to have been drawn from a partly 
dried specimen and the drawing is in many particulars fantastic. 
Among the curious features are, the dark abdominal portion, the 
expanded pelvis, the divided lower jaw and numerous teeth (17 
on the lower jaw), the bones of the feet and the ‘os laude’ of the 
skull. This ‘os laude’ or ‘os capitale relaude’ is an apochryphal 
bone, and its designation will puzzle those acquainted with classi- 
eal Latin not a little. We might expect it to be os laudis but in 
the corrupted Latin of the period the termination e is commonly 
used for ae and we conclude that it is ‘os laudae.’ 
This anatomical plate is referred to by Hyrtl, Wieger, and others 
as the work of Ricardus Hela. There is probably a mistake in 
the name, since Sudhoff, by a careful search of the records of the 
Paris physicians of this time, was not able to find the name of 
