ANATOMICAL ILLUSTRATION 979 
Fig 13 shows the chief blood vessels of the neck and the adja- 
cent region. 
Fig. 14 shows a deep dissection of the blood vessels of the 
thigh. | 
In fig. 15 we have a rather comprehensive dissection of the 
thorax and abdomen with the alimentary canal removed. The 
original of this figure is 1383 x 22 inches. 
A limited number of drawings can give no adequate concep- 
tion of Leonardo’s work in anatomy. His sketch of the stomach 
and intestine is a good drawing of the relative size and the normal 
arrangement of these viscera. In the delineation of muscles 
it is not merely the superficial layers that engage his attention, 
he shows details of the arrangement of the tendons on the toes 
and fingers, a number of cross-sections of the leg at different levels, 
the muscular architecture of the heart, etc. Among his many 
pictures of the bones, he correctly draws vertebre from various 
aspects, and the bones of the fore-arm in pronation as well as in 
other positions. He made sketches of the dissection of nerves. 
His figures on generation show uteri opened, with contained 
foetuses, and the placental connection. 
Before leaving his work, however, we should have one of his 
sketches of the brain as shown in fig. 16. Here one sees, on the 
left, a median sagittal section, and, on the right, a horizontal 
section. These sketches show fairly the extent to which the 
brain had been dissected up to the year 1510. 
Other contemporary or nearly contemporary artists, as Michael 
Angelo, Raphael, and Albrecht Diirer, made anatomical sketches, 
but not so comprehensive as those of Da Vinci, and the details 
regarding which it is not necessary to consider. 
Johannes Schott. In 1517 there appeared from the publishing 
house of John Schott at least two anatomical plates, one repre- 
senting a skeleton and the other a sketch of the internal anatomy 
of the body. The picture of the skeleton is shown in fig. 17. 
It is still very crude in its execution, but in some particulars is 
an improvement on the earlier printed figures. The skull is 
better drawn than in the plates of Helain and Griininger (figs. 
3 and 4), but it still shows the spurious ‘os laude, sive capitale.’ 
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL, 22, No. 4 
