982 WILLIAM A. LOCY 
off. This curious figure has 13 ribs, widely expanded pelvis and 
a spurious fissure in the frontal bone. 
The posterior view of the skeleton, shown in fig. 21, is taken 
from the commentaries of 1521. It has a single-line border and 
the marginal note has been retained. The basin-like pelvis 
appears more fantastic than in the preceding figure. The skull 
shows two spurious furrows on the parietal bones, the presence 
of which seem to have confused Berengarius. The two best illus- 
trations in Berengarius are those of the bones of the hand and of 
the foot. The close resemblance of these pictures to drawings 
of Leonardo da Vinci gives ground for the suspicion that they 
were In some way based upon his sketches. Although this is a 
mere conjecture, these two figures are on a different plane of 
accuracy from any other illustrations in the Isogoge breves. 
Dryander (also known as Johann Eichmann). This professor 
of anatomy at Marburg published, in 1537, an Anatomiae h. e. 
corporis humani dissectionis pars prior, etc., illustrated by 20 
plates that were based on dissections. I have not seen a copy 
of this work, but have examined his edition of Mundinus and 
other earlier writers, published in 1541, which contains most of 
these earlier figures, some new ones, and 18 figures copied from 
Berengarius. The copy at my disposal contains 45 figures, one 
plate of which is repeated. Some of Dryander’s illustrations are 
a considerable improvement on those of Berengarius. Fig. 22 
shows his sketch of the alimentary tube, the original woodcut 
being 44 x 6inches. The drawing of the caecum and the vermi- 
form appendix shows that it is based on observation, but the 
figure is not so good as that of Da Vinci of the corresponding 
parts. 
Walther Hermann Ryff. In 1541 appeared Ryff’s Anatomi with 
a very long and cumbersome title. This book, of which I have 
examined a copy in Dutch and one in German, was published after 
the first plates of Vesalius (1538) and before the appearance of 
the famous Fabrica (1543). It, with the Dryander mentioned 
above, lies on the border line of pre-Vesalian illustrations of anat- 
omy. One of Ryff’s illustrations of the arterial circulation, repro- 
duced in fig. 23, gives a fair idea of the appearance of his sketches. 
