FERTILIZATION IN THE HONEY-BEE D7 
than one person. Preparation for publication has been delayed 
by absence occasioned by the war. 
HISTORICAL 
Three papers! deal specifically with the development and 
histology of the drone sexual apparatus, and a larger number 
treat more or less comprehensively the gross anatomy, especially 
of the copulatory organ itself. The work of Bresslau‘ on the 
spermatheca of the queen and the accompanying mechanism 
has been checked by Zander® in a general account of the develop- 
ment of the organs in both male and female forms. Mating 
flights have been but rarely observed, and only incidentally, 
by bee-keepers, etc., and reported in their professional journals.® 7 
Mating experiments have been reported frequently, but the very 
few cases of artificial or controlled matings reported as successful 
have not been sufficiently checked. ‘There seems in this work’ 
to have been little attempt to take into consideration more 
than the superficial morphology with which the anatomical 
studies referred to have made us familiar.® 
1 Koschevnikov, G. Zur Anatomie der mainnlichen Geschlechtsorgane der 
Honigbiene. Zool. Anzeiger, Bd. 14, 1891. 
* Michaelis, Geo. Bau und Entwickelung des mainnlichen Begattungsapparat 
der Honigbiene. Zeit. fur wissen. Zool., Bd. 67, 1900. 
3 Snodgrass, R. E. Anatomy of the honey-bee. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 
Bureau of Entomology, Technical Series 18, 1910. 
4 Bresslau, Ernst. Der Samenblasengang der Bienenkiénigin. Zool. Anzeiger, 
Bd. 29, 1905. 
5 Zander, Enoch. Die Ausbildung des Geschlechts bei der Honigbiene, Zeit. 
der angewandten Entomologie, Bd. 3, 1916. 
§ Shuck, 8. A. Note in American Bee Journal, 1882, p. 789. 
7 Pratt, E. A. Note in A BC and X Y Z of bee culture. A. I. Root Co. 
8 Shafer, Geo. D. A study of the factors which govern mating in the honey- 
bee. Michigan Agr. College Exp. Sta., Div. of Entomology, Technical Bulletin 
34, 1917. 
This bulletin furnishes an exception to the above statement. Concerned pri- 
marily with artificial fertilization experiments, it describes the superficial ap- 
pearance of the queen’s organs (oviducts) after normal copulation and of the 
drone’s organs after extrusion of the penis has been brought about by pressure; 
there is also speculation on the nature of the stimulus that causes extrusion of 
the drone’s organ in natural and in artificial conditions. He includes as well a 
valuable bibliography of experiments on artificial and controlled matings of 
drone and queen bees. ' 
