GROWTH AFFECTED BY FEEDING DUCTLESS GLANDS 297 

 II. LITERATURE 



A general discussion of the literature of all of the ductless 

 glands is given by Vincent ('12), ^'Internal Secretion and the 

 Ductless Glands," and in the more extensive work of Biedl 

 ('13), ''Innere Sekretion." The hypophysis literature has been 

 reviewed by Gushing ('12). ''The Pituitary Body and its 

 Disorders;" and the work on the thymus has been considered 

 recently by Basch ('13), ''Beitrage zur Physiologie und Path- 

 ologie der Thymus." A complete list of references to work done 

 upon the albino rat is given by Donaldson '(15). 



A preliminary report of the principal results of the present 

 investigation has already been published (Hoskins '16). 



Thyroid experiments 



Iscovesco ('13) found that daily injections of thyroid extract 

 stimulated growth shghtly in young animals but decreased the 

 weight of old animals. He found nearly 100 per cent hyper- 

 trophy (measured in grams per kilogram body weight) in vari- 

 ous viscera. The extreme and uniform hypertrophy of the 

 organs and especially that of the uterus is difficult to under- 

 stand. The fact that the liver and the female kidney show no 

 overgrowth is remarkable. 



Magnus-Levy ('95) found that feeding thyroid may cause loss 

 in weight in an animal. 



Gunningham ('98) fed 'considerable amounts' of thyroid to 

 various animals without noting any toxic effects. 



Moussu ('99) reported that small doses of thyroid stimulate 

 the rate of growth in young dogs, but that large doses are toxic. 



Rudinger, Falta and Eppinger ('08) and Kostlivy ('10) found 

 that feeding thjToid stimulates the suprarenal glands. 



Bircher ('10 a) ('10 b) fed thyroid to young rats and found a 

 retardation in growth and body weight, but an acceleration in 

 the process of ossification. 



Utterstrom ('10) reported an enlargement of the thymus in 

 thyroid-fed rabbits. 



Hoskins ('10 a) fed daily, for 15 days varying amounts (5-15 

 mg.) of thyroid to 18 young guinea pigs. Their suprarenal glands 



