502 E. I. WERBER 



microscopic examination of sections is found to consist of two 

 blended eye components, I shall term it 'cyclopia synophthal- 

 mica.' To this category belong by far the greatest number of 

 Cyclopean monsters. 



Of rare occm'rence in my experiments (as well as in the caseS 

 of spontaneous cyclopia described by various authors) were 

 found to be cyclopean eyes which on microscopic examination 

 were single throughout and nowhere suggesting the possibility 

 of their being composite in character. Such cases I shall hence- 

 forth term 'perfect ('true') cyclopia' (Schwalbe's 'cyclopia com- 

 pleta'). In perfect cyclopia the eye is, as a rule, more defective 

 than in synophthalmic cyclopia. It may be very small in size 

 (microphthalmic) or some of its structures may be more or less 

 defective or even lacking entirely. In perfect cyclopia the de- 

 fects of the brain and other defects are usually much greater 

 than in synophthalmic cyclopia. 



The term 'Monophthalmia asymmetrica' has been in use since 

 its introduction by Ahlfeld ('80-82) and would seem to need 

 no further comments. The embryos of this group possess one 

 eye in the usual lateral i)osition of the head. 



B. THE MORPHOLOGY OF TERATOPHTHALMIA 



A fairly extensive study of teratophthalmic embryos in sec- 

 tions has enabled me to make many observations which directly 

 or indirectly point to certain dynamic factors underlying their 

 formation. It was found that these embryos sustain at an early 

 stage of development an injury mainly in a restricted area of 

 the anterior end of the future embryo's body which eventually 

 leads to the formation of the terata of the eye. In the follow- 

 ing I shall now present anatomical descriptions of various types 

 of teratophthalmia and such evidence will be pointed out as may 

 reasonably be adduced to the interpretation of their morpho- 

 genesis. Our description wdll begin with bilentic synophthalmia, 

 where the defect is yet relatively slight and take up successively 

 the more extreme malformations of the 'cyclocephalic group' 

 through cyclopia all the way down to anophthalmia. The 

 anatomy of asjanmetric monophthalmia will also be considered, 



