REACTIONS TO LIGHT IN VANESSA ANTIOPA 395 



This general statement of the behavior is illustrated by the 

 following detailed description of the reactions of two insects. 



1. Butterfly 7/16-c (right eye blackened) was tested in dark- 

 ness ten hours after the eye had been covered. It moved con- 

 tinually toward the blinded eye (fig. 13). 



2. Butterfly 7/11 (right eye blackened) was tested immedi- 

 ately after the eye had been covered and again on each of the 

 following two days. In the first trial it turned continuously 

 toward the blackened eye. In the second and third it went in 

 straighter courses, but showed a decided tendency to curve to 



Fig. 13 Reproduction of tracings made in total darkness by butterfly 7/16-g 

 (right eye blackened) showing continuous turning toward the blackened eye. 

 Arrows indicate direction of movement. This record was' made ten hours after 

 the eye was covered. 



the right (fig. 14, A). On the second day three trials also were 

 given, and in each of these the organism turned continuously 

 toward the blackened eye (fig. 14, B). On the third day in the 

 first five of the ten trials given this insect again turned continu- 

 ously toward the blinded eye, and in the other five it deflected 

 in the same direction, but not so strongly as in the first five 

 trials (fig. 15). It can thus be seen that the behavior exhibited 

 on the first day was, in general, retained on the succeeding days 

 of the tests. 



Similar results were obtained in observations on a number of 

 other specimens. These may be summarized as follows: Eight 

 butterflies were tested for ten minutes each day for ten consecu- 



