486 



R. T. YOUNG 



Experiynent 6. Same as Experiment 5. In twelve minutes the king- 

 Ijird flew direct to the sand from which it took the insect. It then 

 looked closely at the insect on the grass for a few seconds and then 

 took it also. 



Experiment 7. Figures 25 and 30. Three Melanoplus were placed 

 on backgrounds of hay mingled with earth and three on ashes, as shown 

 in the accompanying diagram (fig. D). The latter combination showed 

 the greater contrast. The kingbird flew to the backgrounds, while I 

 was standing nearby, going first to 5, but not feeding. It then took the 

 insect from 1 . 



I 2 3 4 5 6 



Fig. D 1,3, and abashes; 2, 4, aiid ^ — h^y — earth. 





Burnt Paper Leaves and straw 



Fig. E g — Gryllus, x — Melanoplus. 



Experiment 8. Same as Experiment 7. The kingbird flew direct 

 to 5, which it took followed by 1 . The result in Experiment 8 may have 

 been modified by that in Experiment 7, as both were alike. 



Experiment 9. Figures 24, 30, 40 and 43. In this experiment three 

 backgrounds were prepared, the arrangement of which, with the in- 

 sects placed on each is shown in the accompanying sketch (fig. E). 

 The leaf and straw background was in weak sunlight, while the ashes 

 were in shadow. The insects on the ashes presented the greatest 

 contrast to their background in this experiment. Within two minutes, 

 and while I was still standing near the backgrounds, the kingbird 

 flew direct to the ashes from which it took both Melanoplus. 



Experiment 10. Same as Experiment 9, except that all the back- 

 grounds were in shadow at the time of experiment. At the com- 

 mencement of this experiment the kingbird was perched on the side of 



