488 R. T. YOUNG 



in Experiment 12. Care was taken in arranging the experiments 

 to avoid drawing the attention of the chicken more to one back- 

 ground than to another. 



Experiment 1 . Figures 27 and 1^8. One Platynus placidus was placed 

 on charred wood and one on ashes, the latter forming the combina- 

 tion of greater contrast. The chicken was about 2.5 m. distant from 

 the backgrounds, from where it walked toward them, stopping for a 

 few moments when a few centimeters distant from them. It then 

 took the insect from the charred wood. 



Experiment 2. Figures 27 and 54- One Oecanthus quadripunctatus 

 was placed on charred wood and one on flowers of the golden rod (Aster) . 

 The light green of the insect's body and the straw color of its wings 

 presented a close resemblance to the latter background, while the 

 contrast of the former combination was good. The chicken slowly 

 approached the backgrounds from a point about 3 m. distant. Ap- 

 proaching from the side of the golden rod background, it passed this 

 and took the insect from the charred wood.- Then immediately turn- 

 ing back it took the insect from the former background. 



Experiment 3. Same as Experiment 2 and precisely the same re- 

 sults in all details. 



Experiment 4- Same as Experiment 2 and same result except that 

 the chicken in passing the golden rod background stepped on it and 

 upset the insect, which it apparently did not see as it did not take it, 

 but moved away after eating that on the charred wood. 



Experiment 5. Same as Experiment 2 except position of backgrounds 

 reversed and a larger head of golden rod employed. The chicken 

 approached the charred wood background from a point about 2.5 -m. 

 distant. It apparently first saw the insect on the charred wood when 

 but a few centimeters away, for from that point it ran to the wood and 

 took the insect from it. It then paused a moment and turned away, 

 but returned to take the insect from the golden rod. 



Experiment 6. Figures 27 and 40- One Gryllus pennsylvanicus 

 on ashes and one on charred wood, the former combination showing 

 the greater contrast. The chicken approached the ash background 

 from a point 3.5 m. 'distant, which it passed to take the cricket on the 

 charred wood. It then moved around the backgrounds, but did not 

 touch the insect on the ashes. After some three minutes I trans- 

 ferred the insect from the ashes to the charred wood and a few minutes 

 later the chicken took iL Here apparently the chicken had some antip- 

 athy to the ash background. But note the result in Experiment 7. 



Experiment 7. Figures 54 and 57. One Oecanthus was placed on 

 ashes and one on flowers of the golden rod (Aster) , the former combina- 

 tion presenting the greater contrast. The chicken was about 3.5 m. 

 distant. It approached the backgrounds gradually on the side of the 

 golden rod background but took the insect from the ash first and im- 

 mediately after that from the golden rod. 



