644. A. fF. Goldfarb 
INTRODUCTION 
In the more highly organized animals, the nervous system is 
the dominant influence that largely codrdinates the activities of 
the different parts of the organism. Within recent years a number 
of important functions formerly attributed to it have been 
removed from its sphere, and in some instances at least have been 
definitely assigned to other agencies. ‘The influence of “trophic” 
stimuli has been seriously questioned. ‘The activity of certain 
glands formerly believed to be regulated by nervous influences has 
been shown by Starling to be controlled by chemical agencies. It 
has also been held that nerves provided the morphogenetic stimulus 
to development, differentiation and regeneration of embryos. 
But. the investigations of Schaper, Rubin, Goldstein, Harrison, 
Born, Roux and others clearly demonstrated that these phenomena 
take place in the absence of the nervous system. Development - 
and regeneration take place in plants, in protozoa, and in eggs of 
various kinds, yet no one speaks of the necessity for assuming the 
presence of a nervous system in these cases. In adult animals how- 
ever, especially among the higher groups, regeneration is believed 
to depend directly or indirectly upon the central nervous system. 
This belief gained ground not so much as a direct result of experi- 
mentation, but rather by a process of elimination of other factors. 
Even those (Goldstein, Wolff) who are convinced that during the 
larval stages regeneration is independent of nervous influences are 
just as convinced of its supreme importance in the adult. 
Herbst has taken the extreme position that the sensory ganglia 
of the nervous system exert this stimulus. Herbst, as is well 
known, found that after extirpating the whole of a decapod eye, 
an antenna-like organ was regenerated. His results were 
corroborated by Przibram, Zeleny and Morgan. Recently Steele 
extended these experiments and found that the removal of the 
whole eye and stalk in hermit crabs resulted in the formation of a 
heteromorphic structure, not unlike that obtained by Herbst. 
About 30 per cent of the animals produced such structures. 
In Crangon however very few were produced, and in Paleomo- 
netes, heteromorphosis could not be induced at all. She corrob- 
