Contributions to Expcrnnentnl Entomology 561 



of J. coenia are really to be regarded as progressive, no case of 

 atavism should appear among them, but, on the contrary, new 

 markings should make their appearance, such as have not been 

 found heretofore in other Junonia species of this group. The 

 absence of all reversions was considered above, and I have also, 

 while describing my experiments, called attention to the appear- 

 ance of new characters in the pattern. These differences in the 

 markings consist mainly, to repeat once again, of the decidedly 

 broader and more vividly colored, reddish orange band on the 

 hind wings, in the appearance of the band in the anterior wings and 

 the origin of new ocellate markings in the characteristic row of 

 eye-spots. Through the kindness of Mr. Doll, of Brooklyn, I 

 have been able to examine a large series of junonia species, which 

 were partially caught and partially bred under natural conditions. 

 Now, among the many individuals of the coenia group in this 

 collection, there are a few which show very clearly the characters 

 just mentioned. One specimen, in fact, has on its hind wings a 

 completely normal, fully-developed, third eye-spot. I regard it, 

 therefore, as highly probable that J. coenia is even now in the 

 process of changing in the direction indicated. This is suggested 

 also by the rather frequent occurrence in nature of the difference 

 in the breadth of the orange-yellow band of the hind wings, for 

 if the progressive form were to be conceived as still to be initiated 

 in the indefinite future, the characters described should not be 

 found in nature and coenia should be much more constant m its 

 pattern in the southern portion of its range than it is. 



But how are we to regard the cold forms that have been obtained 

 experimentally .^ These could not be cases of atavism, since a re- 

 version through the influence of cold would be impossible in a 

 species whose original home is in the south. No doubt |. coenia 

 is in the act of adapting itself to cold. If, through my experiments, 

 diametrically aberrant forms had arisen, there would be great 

 difficulty in reaching a conclusion; but as only one direction of 

 variation is observable, we can place all the specimens in a single 

 common group, which has just the opposite coloration from that 

 of the warm forms. The principal characters may be again 

 reviewed; the general darkening of the upper surface of the wings. 



