Contributions to Experimental Entomology 565 



small differences in the form of the wing and in the pattern of the 

 upper surface, the lower surfaces of both series of individuals 

 present such a strong contrast to the ab. negra that it would seem 

 impossible to draw any conclusion without more extensive inves- 

 tigation. 



In conclusion I would call attention to some aberrative speci- 

 mens of J. coenia which I raised from normally treated pupae, 

 which, however, had an abnormally strong depression in the wing 

 cases. The eye-spots are all greatly enlarged, in part elongated 

 and so large on the posterior wing that they come in contact with 

 each other. Mr. Doll has in his collection several specimens that 

 exhibit the same peculiarity, and were probably produced by the 

 same causes. Another pupa, left under normal conditions, also, 

 probably in consequence of some pressure to which it had been 

 subjected during pupation, exhibited a slight but sharp depression 

 in the right anterior wing case. The butterfly which hatched from 

 this pupa showed an absence of scales in the corresponding region 

 of the wing. 



Experiments undertaken for the purpose of ascertaining the 

 effect of sulphuric ether vapor on the developing coloration of the 

 butterfly led to no result, as the pupae died. 



In conclusion I wish to express my gratitude to Mr. Jacob 

 Doll, Mr. H. H. Newcomb and especially to Prof. W. M. Wheeler 

 for their kind aid in my investigations. 



II. TWO CASES OF ANABIOSIS IN ACTIAS SELENE HUBNER 



In his second volume of Experimentelle entomologische Stu- 

 dien, Sophia, 1907, Prof. P. Bachmetjew discusses on pp. 684-686 

 the anabiotic condition in insects. By means of calorimetrical 

 measurements on Lepidopterous pupae he established the fact that 

 the juices of the insect body do not completely congeal till they 

 have been reduced to -4.5° C, but that at this temperature the 

 insect does not yet die. Permanent cold rigor, or death, sets in, 

 on the contrary, under very different conditions, as the author has 

 shown in the first volume of the work to which I have referred. 



If, now, the juices are congealed, Bachmetjew further states, 



